Vector-Borne Infections & Malaria

Question 1

Malaria is spread from animal to human by what vector?

Answer 1

Female Anopheles sp. mosquitoes

Question 2

pre-liver stage parasites in malaria are known as?

Answer 2

sporozoites

Question 3

Type of malaria that is common in Africa most likely to kill you from Adhesion to capillary wall causing Host inflammation and is most likely to be drug resistant

Answer 3

Plasmodium falciparum-

Question 4

Type of malaria that is most common outside of Africa and has a dormant liver stage so you can relapse after therapy

Answer 4

Plasmodium vivax

Question 5

Type of malaria that is less clinically important, also has a relapsing stage similar to vivax malaria.

Answer 5

Plasmodium ovale

Question 6

so-called “benign malaria” and is not nearly as dangerous as that produced by P. falciparum or P. vivax. It causes fevers that recur at approximately three-day intervals

Answer 6

Plasmodium malariae

Question 7

Primate malaria parasite commonly found in Southeast Asia. It causes malaria in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), but it may also infect humans via mosquito.

Answer 7

Plasmodium knowlesi

Question 8

Falciparum parasites turn on which specific gene to promote placental cytoadherence when taking blood from a pregnant woman?

Answer 8

VAR2CSA

Question 9

Persons of African decent are resistant to which form of malaria because they lack the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC)

Answer 9

Vivax malaria

Question 10

VIVAX AND OVALE MALARIA HAVE A DORMANT LIVER STAGE AND SHOULD BE TREATED WITH?

Answer 10

PRIMAQUINE

Question 11

The first antimalarial was made from?

Answer 11

Bark of Cinchona tree:

Quinine

Question 12

These anti malarial’s cause oxidative damage to components in the parasite, are derived from Chinese herbal remedy, fast-acting, but must be used in combination with long acting drug such as mefloquine.

Answer 12

Artemisinins

Question 13

E. chafeensis infects monocytes and causes which human disease?

Answer 13

human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)

Question 14

Ehrlichia chafeensis is a microbial that infects what kind of WBC??

Answer 14

Monocytes

Question 15

A. phagocytophilum infects granulocytes and causes which human disease?

Answer 15

human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)

Question 16

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a microbial that infects what kind of WBC?

Answer 16

granulocytes

Question 17

Malaria species infect what kind of cells.?

Answer 17

RBC and liver cells

Question 18

Babesia microti infect what kind of cells?

Answer 18

RBC

Question 19

Trypanosoma species infect what kind of cells?

Answer 19

monocytes and macrophages

Question 20

Leishmania species infect what kind of cells?

Answer 20

macrophages and reticuloendothelial cells

Question 21

Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are spread by which vector?

Answer 21

tick

Question 22

Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are in what family?

Answer 22

Rickettsiae family of obligate intracellular gram negative bacteria

Question 23

The animal reservoir for Ehrlichiosis is the?

Answer 23

White tailed deer

Question 24

What should we see on the peripheral blood smear of a patient infected with Human monocytic Ehrlichiosis

Answer 24

infected monocyte w/characteristic morulae’s which are the erlichiosis inside the cell

Question 25

What is the most accurate diagnosis for Human monocytic Ehrlichiosis?

Answer 25

Microscopy in the form of a Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)

Question 26

What should we see on the peripheral blood smear of a patient infected with Human granulocytic anaplasmosis

Answer 26

Detects morulae inside of granulocytes in 20-75% of cases

Question 27

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and Human monocytic Ehrlichiosis are treatment with which antibiotics?

Answer 27

Doxycycline and Tetracycline

Question 28

How does Babesia microti transmit Babesiosis?

Answer 28

Nymphal stage of the Deer tick or black legged

Question 29

The animal reservoir for Babesia microti is the?

Answer 29

White-footed mice

Question 30

Which tick borne infection can cause hemolytic anemia w/dark urine due to lysed RBCs?

Answer 30

Babesiosis

Question 31

In the smear of a patient infected with Babesiosis how will the RBC's appear?

Answer 31

merozoites and trophozoites

Question 32

What is the recommended treatment for patients ill with Babesiosis?

Answer 32

atovaquone PLUS azithromycin; OR | clindamycin PLUS quinine

Question 33

Leishmaniasis is transmitted via what vector?

Answer 33

sand fly

Question 34

The Leishmaniases are intracellular pathogens of what kind of cell?

Answer 34

macrophages

Question 35

What parasitic infection is also known as Kala-azar (Hindi for black fever)?

Answer 35

Leishmaniases

Question 36

A patients bone marrow or splenic aspirate | Detects amastigotes in macrophages with rod shaped kinetoplast. What is the differential?

Answer 36

leishmaniasis

Question 37

What is the treatment for leishmaniasis? (2)

Answer 37

Amphotericin B Pentavalent antimony--->not licensed for commercial use in the US CDC has IND protocol

Question 38

The African trypanosomiasis causes which disease?

Answer 38

Sleeping disease

Question 39

The American trypanosomiasis causes which disease?

Answer 39

Chagas disease

Question 40

The vector for the parasite that causes chagas disease is the?

Answer 40

reduviid bug | bites then poops, parasites are in the bug's GI tract

Question 41

The animal reservoir for the parasite that causes trypanosomiasis is the?

Answer 41

armadillos, raccoons | also dogs, guinea pigs and rats

Question 42

Death from Chagas disease is usually due to ?

Answer 42

Cardiac pathology such as myocarditis

Question 43

swelling of the eyelids near the bite or where the feces was rubbed into the eye is a classic clinical sign of a parasitic infection by which bug?

Answer 43

Trypanosoma spp.

Question 44

The vector for the parasite that causes sleeping sickness is the?

Answer 44

tsetse fly

Question 45

What red cell antigens should we particularly avoid in transfusing patients with sickle cell disease?

Answer 45

C, E, Kell