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Hematology-Exam 1 > Vector-Borne Infections & Malaria > Flashcards

Vector-Borne Infections & Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

Malaria is spread from animal to human by what vector?

A

Female Anopheles sp. mosquitoes

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2
Q

pre-liver stage parasites in malaria are known as?

A

sporozoites

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3
Q

Type of malaria that is common in Africa most likely to kill you from Adhesion to capillary wall causing Host inflammation and is most likely to be drug resistant

A

Plasmodium falciparum-

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4
Q

Type of malaria that is most common outside of Africa and has a dormant liver stage so you can relapse after therapy

A

Plasmodium vivax

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5
Q

Type of malaria that is less clinically important, also has a relapsing stage similar to vivax malaria.

A

Plasmodium ovale

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6
Q

so-called “benign malaria” and is not nearly as dangerous as that produced by P. falciparum or P. vivax. It causes fevers that recur at approximately three-day intervals

A

Plasmodium malariae

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7
Q

Primate malaria parasite commonly found in Southeast Asia. It causes malaria in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis), but it may also infect humans via mosquito.

A

Plasmodium knowlesi

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8
Q

Falciparum parasites turn on which specific gene to promote placental cytoadherence when taking blood from a pregnant woman?

A

VAR2CSA

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9
Q

Persons of African decent are resistant to which form of malaria because they lack the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC)

A

Vivax malaria

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10
Q

VIVAX AND OVALE MALARIA HAVE A DORMANT LIVER STAGE AND SHOULD BE TREATED WITH?

A

PRIMAQUINE

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11
Q

The first antimalarial was made from?

A

Bark of Cinchona tree:

Quinine

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12
Q

These anti malarial’s cause oxidative damage to components in the parasite, are derived from Chinese herbal remedy, fast-acting, but must be used in combination with long acting drug such as mefloquine.

A

Artemisinins

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13
Q

E. chafeensis infects monocytes and causes which human disease?

A

human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME)

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14
Q

Ehrlichia chafeensis is a microbial that infects what kind of WBC??

A

Monocytes

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15
Q

A. phagocytophilum infects granulocytes and causes which human disease?

A

human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA)

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16
Q

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a microbial that infects what kind of WBC?

A

granulocytes

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17
Q

Malaria species infect what kind of cells.?

A

RBC and liver cells

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18
Q

Babesia microti infect what kind of cells?

A

RBC

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19
Q

Trypanosoma species infect what kind of cells?

A

monocytes and macrophages

20
Q

Leishmania species infect what kind of cells?

A

macrophages and reticuloendothelial cells

21
Q

Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are spread by which vector?

A

tick

22
Q

Ehrlichia & Anaplasma are in what family?

A

Rickettsiae family of obligate intracellular gram negative bacteria

23
Q

The animal reservoir for Ehrlichiosis is the?

A

White tailed deer

24
Q

What should we see on the peripheral blood smear of a patient infected with Human monocytic Ehrlichiosis

A

infected monocyte w/characteristic morulae’s which are the erlichiosis inside the cell

25
Q

What is the most accurate diagnosis for Human monocytic Ehrlichiosis?

A

Microscopy in the form of a Indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA)

26
Q

What should we see on the peripheral blood smear of a patient infected with Human granulocytic anaplasmosis

A

Detects morulae inside of granulocytes in 20-75% of cases

27
Q

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis and Human monocytic Ehrlichiosis are treatment with which antibiotics?

A

Doxycycline and Tetracycline

28
Q

How does Babesia microti transmit Babesiosis?

A

Nymphal stage of the Deer tick or black legged

29
Q

The animal reservoir for Babesia microti is the?

A

White-footed mice

30
Q

Which tick borne infection can cause hemolytic anemia w/dark urine due to lysed RBCs?

A

Babesiosis

31
Q

In the smear of a patient infected with Babesiosis how will the RBC’s appear?

A

merozoites and trophozoites

32
Q

What is the recommended treatment for patients ill with Babesiosis?

A

atovaquone PLUS azithromycin; OR

clindamycin PLUS quinine

33
Q

Leishmaniasis is transmitted via what vector?

A

sand fly

34
Q

The Leishmaniases are intracellular pathogens of what kind of cell?

A

macrophages

35
Q

What parasitic infection is also known as Kala-azar (Hindi for black fever)?

A

Leishmaniases

36
Q

A patients bone marrow or splenic aspirate

Detects amastigotes in macrophages with rod shaped kinetoplast. What is the differential?

A

leishmaniasis

37
Q

What is the treatment for leishmaniasis? (2)

A

Amphotericin B
Pentavalent antimony—>not licensed for commercial use in the US
CDC has IND protocol

38
Q

The African trypanosomiasis causes which disease?

A

Sleeping disease

39
Q

The American trypanosomiasis causes which disease?

A

Chagas disease

40
Q

The vector for the parasite that causes chagas disease is the?

A

reduviid bug

bites then poops, parasites are in the bug’s GI tract

41
Q

The animal reservoir for the parasite that causes trypanosomiasis is the?

A

armadillos, raccoons

also dogs, guinea pigs and rats

42
Q

Death from Chagas disease is usually due to ?

A

Cardiac pathology such as myocarditis

43
Q

swelling of the eyelids near the bite or where the feces was rubbed into the eye is a classic clinical sign of a parasitic infection by which bug?

A

Trypanosoma spp.

44
Q

The vector for the parasite that causes sleeping sickness is the?

A

tsetse fly

45
Q

What red cell antigens should we particularly avoid in transfusing patients with sickle cell disease?

A

C, E, Kell

Hematology-Exam 1 (12 decks)

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