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VDF, ADF & NDB Flashcards

1
Q

What is DF/RDF?

A

Direction Finding, or Radio Direction Finding, is the measurement of the direction from which a received signal was transmitted.

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2
Q

Define Radio Bearing

A

The angle between the apparent direction of a definite source of emission of radio waves and a reference direction, as determined at DF station.

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3
Q

What is a True Radio Bearing?

A

A radio bearing for which the reference direction is True North.

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4
Q

What is a Magnetic Radio Bearing?

A

A radio bearing for which the reference direction is Magnetic North.

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5
Q

What are the classes of tolerance for Direction Finding (DF)?

A

Class A : +/- 2 Degrees
Class B : +/- 5 Degrees
Class C : +/- 10 Degrees
Class D : Worse than C

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6
Q

What is QTE?

A

The TRUE bearing of an aircraft in relation to the DF station or other specified point.

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7
Q

What is QDR?

A

The MAGNETIC bearing of an aircraft in relation to the DF station or other specified point.

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8
Q

What is QDM?

A

The MAGNETIC HEADING to steer, with no wind, to head for the DF station or other specified point (aka Homing).

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9
Q

How can pilots establish their approximate position?

A

Triangulation.

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10
Q

What radio band does the ADF work in?

A

300kHz to 3MHz

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11
Q

What is an NDB?

A

Non-Directional Beacon

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12
Q

What is the equipment used in an Automated Direction Finder?

A

RBI - Relative Bearing Indicator (In the Aircraft)

ADF Loop

Ground Based Transmitter - NDB Non Directional Beacon

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13
Q

What is an RMI?

A

Radio Magnetic Indicator

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14
Q

What does an RMI show?

A

A QDM superimposed onto a compass rose to a station.

Ie The heading to steer towards a station.

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15
Q

What is an RBI?

A

Relative Bearing Indicator

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16
Q

What does an RBI show?

A

A relative bearing towards a station in relation to the aircrafts heading.

17
Q

What are the errors that an NDB Can suffer from?

A

Static Interference
Station Interference
Mountain Effect
Night Effect
Coastal Refraction
Night Effect
Coastal Refraction
Quadrantal error
System Malfunction

18
Q

What is Static Interference of a DF?

A

Heavy precipitation and thunderstorms cause static interference. Often the ADF needle will point directly at the centre of an active Thunder Storm (TS) in preference to the NDB.

19
Q

What is Station Interference of a DF?

A

Large bearing errors are caused by interference from transmitters operating on similar frequencies to the one being interrogated. Often caused by inaccurate tuning.

20
Q

What the Mountain Effect on a DF?

A

LF and MF are surface waves and therefore reflected by any high ground in their path. This can result in direct and reflected waves being simultaneously received by the aircraft and causing bearing errors. Normally overcome by flying higher.

21
Q

What is the Coastal Refraction effect on DF?

A

Radio waves travel slightly faster over the sea than they do over land.

An aircraft flying over the sea and interrogating an NDB inland is likely to suffer a bearing error unless crossing at 90 degrees.

22
Q

What is the Night Effect on DF?

A

Changes in the Ionosphere at night cause interference from transmissions.

Severe bearing errors are most likely to occur at sunrise and sunset.

23
Q

What is the Quadrantal Error of DF?

A

The airframe of an aircraft tends to reflect, refract and re-radiate incoming radio waves so the loop aerial receives a strong signal from the NDB together with a weaker one that has been distorted by the fuselage.

24
Q

What is the Lack of malfunction error?

A

There is no DF Failure warning device, so constant monitoring is required.

25
Q

What are advantages of NDB?

A

Reception is not limited to line of sight. The MF waves follow the curvature of the earth.

The maximum range is dependent on the power of the NDB.

26
Q

What are the disadvantages of NDB?

A

The NDB is subject to atmospheric (electrical storm) interference, coastal and night refraction, which affects bearing accuracy.

It is not as accurate as the VOR.

27
Q

What is the accuracy of a VOR?

A

+/- 5 Degrees

Navigation (16 decks)

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