Area Navigation Flashcards
Define Area Navigation
A method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained navigation aids, or a combination of both.
What is the basic concept of Area Navigation?
Instead of having to overfly ground navigational aids, the aircraft’s FMS will fly to a series of pre-loaded waypoints and position itself on a computed track between the individual waypoints.
Describe B-RNAV
Basic Area Navigation
Forerunner of the RNAV Program. All IFR aircraft must be B-RNAV compliant.
What navigation is becoming the standard in ECAC Airspace?
RNAV
Area Navigation
Describe RNP
Required Navigation Performance
A statement of the navigation performance necessary for operation within a defined airspace.
What is RNP based on and what was it previously based on?
Previously based on INS (Inertial Navigation), now based on GNSS (GPS).
What are the main types of RNP accuracy?
0.3
1
2
4
Which equate to nm accuracies from the desired track for 95% of the time.
What is RNP TSE?
Required Navigation Performance Total System Error
What should happen if RNP fails?
ATC should be made aware and then ATC will take appropriate action to provide increased separation.
Describe fixed RNP routes
Fixed RNP routes are published ATS routes which can be flight planned for use by aircraft approved for a specific RNP type.
They should begin and end at notified reporting points and waypoints are established along them.
Describe contingency RNAV routes
Routes that can be made available during limited time periods or can be established to meet short notice temporary requirements.
What is P-RNAV?
Precision RNAV
Why do we have P-RNAV?
Precision RNAV (P-RNAV) allows for en-route and/or TMA operations that are standardised EU wide, ensuring consistent levels of flight safety.
P-RNAV is specific to Europe only.
What is the required accuracy of RNP APCH?
RNP APCH requires an accuracy of +/- 1.0NM in the initial, intermediate and missed segments and 0.3NM in the final segment.
What is RNP (AR) APCH and define what it requires?
RNP instrument approach procedures with Authorisation Required.
RNP AR APCH is defined as an RNP approach procedure that requires a lateral TSE of 0.10NM and requires crew training in the same way to ILS Cat II/III procedures.
What are the three components of the PBN concept?
The Navigation Specification
The Navaid Infrastructure
The Navigation Application
Describe the Navigation Specification component of the PBN Concept
Navigation Specification prescribes the performance requirements in terms of accuracy, integrity, continuity and availability for proposed operations in a particular Airspace. The Navigation Specification also describes how these performance requirements are to be achieved.
Describe the Navaid Infrastructure component of the PBN Concept
Navaid Infrastructure relates to ground- or space-based navigation aids that are called up in each Navigation Specification.
Describe the Navigation application component of the PBN Concept
Navigation Application refers to the application of the Navigation Specification and Navaid Infrastructure in the context of an airspace concept to ATS routes and instrument flight procedures.
