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RENAL II Exam 3 > Vasodilators and Sympathoplegics > Flashcards

Vasodilators and Sympathoplegics Flashcards

1
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers

A

Dihydropyridines
Non-dihydropyridines

Block calcium influx of SM, cardiac, and SA, AV nodes
Decrease resistance, increase BF
Negative ionotropic effects

HTN, HTN emergencies, angina

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2
Q

Dihydropyridines

A

**Amlodipine
**Nifedipine
Clevidipine
Felodipine
Isradipine
Nicardipine
Nisoldipine

MOA: block L-type vascular calcium channels > cardiac channels

Vasodilation causing reflex sympathetics counteracts any negative ionotropic effects
Long half life minimize reflex

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3
Q

Non-dihydropyridines

A
  • *Diltiazem
  • *Verapamil

MOA: non-selective block of L-type vascular and cardiac calcium channels

Decrease SA node firing and slow conduction

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4
Q

Potassium Channel Openers

A

Diazoxide
Minoxidil

MOA: hyperpolarize muscle cells

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5
Q

Dopamine Agonist

A

Fenoldopam

D1 agonist receptor
Increase kidney BF
Arteriole dilation, natriuretic

Emergency and post-op HTN

HA and tachy
Avoid with glaucoma

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6
Q

Nitric Oxide Modulators

A

**Hydralazine
**Nitroprusside
Organic Nitrates (Isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin)

Increase NO to vasodilate
Relax veins
Decrease TPR, decrease preload and afterload

HTN emergencies, angina, HF

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7
Q

Beta Blockers

A

**Atenolol
**Carvedilol
**Labetalol
**Metoprolol
**Propranolol
Acebutolol
Betaxolol
Bisoprolol
Carteolol
Esmolol
Nadolol
Nebivolol
Penbutolol
Pindolol
Timolol

HTN with MI, HF, decreased left ventricular function
Predispose to DM
Asthma relative contraindication
Less stroke prevention

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8
Q

Alpha 1 Blockers

A 
**Prazosin
Doxazosin
Terazosin
Prevent vasocontriction
Relax prostate
Water and salt retention
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9
Q

Centrally acting Alpha 2 Agonists

A

**Clonidine
**Methyldopa
Guanabenz
Guanfacine
Reduce sympathetic outflow

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10
Q

Amlodapine

A

DHP - CCB

High first pass effect

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11
Q

Nifedipine

A

DHP - CCB
Can be used IV
Shorter half life

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12
Q

Clevidipine

A

DHP - CCB
Can be used IV
Shorter half life

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13
Q

Felodipine

A

DHP - CCB

Minimize cardiac effects

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14
Q

Isradipine

A

DHP - CCB

Long half life

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15
Q

Nicardipine

A

DHP - CCB

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16
Q

Nisoldipine

A

DHP - CCB

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17
Q

Ditiazem

A

CCB

Can cause lupus like rash

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18
Q

Verapamil

A

CCB
Strongest negative ionotropic effect
**Constipation

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19
Q

Diazoxide

A

Potassium channel opener
Vasodilation
Decreased use for HTN emergencies

Excessive hypotension (MI)
Hyperglycemia
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20
Q

Minoxidil

A

Potassium channel opener
Severe HTN
Used for baldness

HA and sweating, hypertrichosis
Reflex tachycardia

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21
Q

Fenoldopam

A

Dopamine agonists

22
Q

Hydralazine

A

NO Modulator
Increase NO to vasodilate
HTN in pregnancy, HF esp in AA, emergency

HA, N, anorexia, sweating
Tachycardia problem with ischemic heart disease

23
Q

Nitroprusside

A

NO modulator

Hypotension
Cyanide poisoning

24
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate

A

NO modulator

Relax veins

25
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

NO modulator
Relax veins

Orthostatic hypotension, syncope, throbbing headache

26
Q

Atenolol

A

B1 selective blocker
Non-ISA
HTN

27
Q

Carvedilol

A

B1, B2, and A1 blocker
ISA
Vasodilator
HF

28
Q

Labetalol

A 
B1, B2, and A1 blocker
ISA - B2 agonist
Vasodilator
IV for severe HTN
Can use during pregnancy
29
Q

Metoprolol

A 
B1 selective
Non-ISA
HTN
HF
Ischemic heart disease
30
Q

Propranolol

A

B blocker
Non-ISA
Ischemic heart disease

31
Q

Acebutolol

A

B1 blocker
ISA
HTN
Arrhythmias

32
Q

Betaxolol

A

B1 blocker
Non-ISA
Vasodilator of heart

33
Q

Bisoprolol

A

B1 blocker
Non-ISA
Great for CHF

34
Q

Carteolol

A

Beta blocker
ISA
Vasodilator

35
Q

Esmolol

A 
B1 blocker
Non-ISA
Rapid
Short duration
Used peri-operative
36
Q

Nadolol

A

Beta blocker

Non-ISA

37
Q

Nebivolol

A

B1 blocker
B3 agonist
Vasodilator - NO
Increase insulin

38
Q

Penbutolol

A

Beta blocker

ISA

39
Q

Pindolol

A

Beta blocker
ISA
No effect on renin

40
Q

Timolol

A

Beta blocker
Non-ISA
Ischemic heart disease

41
Q

Prazosin

A

A1 blocker

SA - severe hypotension

42
Q

Doxazosin

A

A1 blocker

43
Q

Terazosin

A

A1 blocker

44
Q

Clonidine

A

A2 agonist
Drug withdrawal treatment

Rapid withdrawal -> rapid HTN

45
Q

Methyldopa

A

False NT

HTN in pregnancy

46
Q

Guanabenz

A

A2 agonist

47
Q

Guanfacine

A

A2 agonist

48
Q

CCB Adverse Effects

A 
Generally well tolerated
*Constipation
Excessive vasodilation
Edema, cough
Can't use with beta blocker
Can't use with ventricular function
49
Q

Beta blocker contraindication

A

Asthma/COPD (used B1 selective)
DM
Cardiac arrhthmias
Shouldn’t be combined with CCBs

50
Q

B2 agonist activity

A

Bradyarrhythmias and PVD

RENAL II Exam 3 (12 decks)

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