Hypertension Flashcards
Most likely etiology of HTN
Essential - Idiopathic (95%)
Risk factors for essential HTN
Genetic predisposition Abdominal Obesity Salt intake Alcohol intake Age
Stage 1 HTN symptoms
Generally asymptomatic
“silent killer”
HTN increases risk of
Stroke Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure ESRD Atrial Fibrillation Aortic Dissection PVD
BP elevation in younger patients
Increase peripheral resistance due to vasospasm in smaller vessels
BP elevation in older patients
Stiffening of larger vessels
Lifestyle modifications with HTN
Cardio Low salt Decrease alcohol Lower BMI Decrease fats and protein and increase veggies and fruit
Initial meds for Non-Black population
ACE Inhibitors
ARB
CCB
Thiazide diuretics
Initial meds for Black population
CCB
Thiazide
Cushings
Striae
Rapid weight gain
Rounded face
Dexamethasone suppression test
When to suspect secondary cause of HTN
Compelling finding on initial evaluation
Hard to control HTN (either new onset or well controlled HTN becoming hard to control)
Atypical age of diagnosis (less than 30)
Absence predisposing factors
Diagnosis of renal vascular HTN
Captopril test DSA MRI Arteriography Renal vein renin ratio
Cause of renal stenosis
Atherosclerosis
Fibromusclar dysplasia
Medication to avoid with renal stenosis
ACEI
Graves disease BP treatment
Beta blocker
