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Hypertension > Vasodilators > Flashcards

Vasodilators Flashcards

1
Q

What are the vasodilator agents?

A

hydralazine
minoxidil
sodium nitroprusside
diazoxide

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2
Q

Vasodilators _____ relax arteriolar smooth muscle.

A

directly

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3
Q

Do vasodilators require innervation?

A

no

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4
Q

Do vasodilators require receptor activation?

A

no

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5
Q

Do vasodilators affect the SNS?

A

no

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6
Q

Do vasodilators cause orthostatic hypotension?

A

no

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7
Q

Do vasodilators cause sexual dysfunction?

A

no

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8
Q

Do vasodilators cause venodilation?

A

no

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9
Q

Vasodilators activate neural and humoral _________ _______.

A

compensatory effects

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10
Q

Vasodilators are used with/without other anti-hypertensives?

A

only with

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11
Q

What is the typical 3 drug combo with vasodilators?

A

vasodilators + β blocker + diuretic

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12
Q

What is the MOA of minoxidil and diazoxide?

A

Activates ATP-dependent K channel. The K efflux hyperpolarizes and relaxes the arteriolar smooth muscle.

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13
Q

Which vasodilator requires hepatic activation?

A

minoxidil

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14
Q

Which vasodilator requires activation by the blood vessels?

A

sodium nitroprusside

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15
Q

Sodium nitroprusside _____ venous return to the heart.

A

decreases

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16
Q

Do vasodilators cause GI effects?

A

no

17
Q

Do vasodilators cause reflex increase in CO?

A

yes but not sodium nitroprusside

18
Q

Which vasodilators are IV only?

A

diazoxide and sodium nitroprusside

19
Q

Which vasodilators are PO?

A

hydralazine and minoxidil

20
Q

Which vasodilators are appropriate for hypertensive crisis?

A

diazoxide and sodium nitroprusside

21
Q

Hydralazine has a strong first pass effect. How will that effect dosing?

A

slow acetylators (Asians) will have exaggerated effect

22
Q

Sodium nitroprusside is reductively metabolized in the vasculature to release ____.

A

nitric oxide

23
Q

What conditions degrade sodium nitroprusside?

A

light and alkaline conditions

24
Q

Which vasodilator can be used with methyldopa in pregnancy?

A

hydralazine

25
Q

What are the adverse effects of vasodilators?

A

Vasodilation: headache, flushing, nasal congestion, vertigo, NV
Cardiac stimulation: tachycardia, palpitations
Fluid retention

26
Q

What condition can hydralazide induce?

A

autoimmune disorders

27
Q

Which vasodilator is used topically and what is its indication?

A

minoxidil (rogaine) - hair loss

28
Q

Diazoxide may cause hyper_______.

A

glycemia

29
Q

Diazoxide can be used to _____ _______.

A

stop labor

30
Q

Sodium nitroprusside can worsen ____.

A

COPD by preventing pulmonary vasoconstriction/shunting

31
Q

Sodium nitroprusside released what toxic compound?

A

cyanide

Hypertension (8 decks)

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