Vasodilators Flashcards
What are the vasodilator agents?
hydralazine
minoxidil
sodium nitroprusside
diazoxide
Vasodilators _____ relax arteriolar smooth muscle.
directly
Do vasodilators require innervation?
no
Do vasodilators require receptor activation?
no
Do vasodilators affect the SNS?
no
Do vasodilators cause orthostatic hypotension?
no
Do vasodilators cause sexual dysfunction?
no
Do vasodilators cause venodilation?
no
Vasodilators activate neural and humoral _________ _______.
compensatory effects
Vasodilators are used with/without other anti-hypertensives?
only with
What is the typical 3 drug combo with vasodilators?
vasodilators + β blocker + diuretic
What is the MOA of minoxidil and diazoxide?
Activates ATP-dependent K channel. The K efflux hyperpolarizes and relaxes the arteriolar smooth muscle.
Which vasodilator requires hepatic activation?
minoxidil
Which vasodilator requires activation by the blood vessels?
sodium nitroprusside
Sodium nitroprusside _____ venous return to the heart.
decreases
Do vasodilators cause GI effects?
no
Do vasodilators cause reflex increase in CO?
yes but not sodium nitroprusside
Which vasodilators are IV only?
diazoxide and sodium nitroprusside
Which vasodilators are PO?
hydralazine and minoxidil
Which vasodilators are appropriate for hypertensive crisis?
diazoxide and sodium nitroprusside
Hydralazine has a strong first pass effect. How will that effect dosing?
slow acetylators (Asians) will have exaggerated effect
Sodium nitroprusside is reductively metabolized in the vasculature to release ____.
nitric oxide
What conditions degrade sodium nitroprusside?
light and alkaline conditions
Which vasodilator can be used with methyldopa in pregnancy?
hydralazine
What are the adverse effects of vasodilators?
Vasodilation: headache, flushing, nasal congestion, vertigo, NV
Cardiac stimulation: tachycardia, palpitations
Fluid retention
What condition can hydralazide induce?
autoimmune disorders
Which vasodilator is used topically and what is its indication?
minoxidil (rogaine) - hair loss
Diazoxide may cause hyper_______.
glycemia
Diazoxide can be used to _____ _______.
stop labor
Sodium nitroprusside can worsen ____.
COPD by preventing pulmonary vasoconstriction/shunting
Sodium nitroprusside released what toxic compound?
cyanide
