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DT III Exam 1 > Vasodilators > Flashcards

Vasodilators Flashcards

1
Q

Ca channel blocker (4)

A

DHP: Amilodipine

Non-DHP: Verapamil, Diltiazem, Bepridil

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2
Q

Amilodipine

A

Ca channel blocker

DHP

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3
Q

Verapamil

A

Ca channel blocker

Non- DHP

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4
Q

Diltiazem

A

Ca channel blocker

Non-DHP

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5
Q

Ca channel blocker: MoA

A

Decrease Ca influx with Ca channel
Vascular effect: Arteriodilation (DHP> Non-DHP)
Cardiac effect: Inhibit L-type Ca channel
(decrease phase 0 depol of SA/AV
(decrease phase 2 of AP in muscle
Decrease HR, conduction, and contractility
(Non-DHP> DHP)

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6
Q

Ca channel blocker: use

A

Angina, Supraventricular tachycardia, Hypertension

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7
Q

Amilodipine: ADR

A

Hypotension, Edema, headaches

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8
Q

Verapamil: ADR

A

Hypotension

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9
Q

Diltiazem: ADR

A

CHF, AV block, Edema, Headache, Constipation

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10
Q

Ca channel blocker: Contra

A

Short acting agent
Severe hepatic dysfunction
Hypotension

For non-DHP
Sick sinus syndrome
LV dysfunction
AV block

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11
Q

Ca channel blocker: drug interaction

A

CYP3A4 inhibitor
Beta blocker
Digoxin (only Verapamil)
Antiarrythmic drug

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12
Q

K-channel openers

A

Minoxidil

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13
Q

Minoxidil

A

K channel opener

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14
Q

Minoxidil: MoA

A

Increase K efflux from vascular smooth muscle
(Hyperpolarize and decrease TPR)
Marked compensatory response (Increase HR, CO, fluid retention)

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15
Q

Minoxidil: use

A

Refractory/ malignant hypertension

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16
Q

Minoxidoil: ADR

A

Marked fluid retention
Tachycardia
Pericardial effusion/ Cardiac tamponade
Hypertrichosis

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17
Q

Guanylyl cyclase activator

A

Nitropruside

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18
Q

Nitropruside

A

Guanylyl cyclase activator

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19
Q

Nitropruside: MoA

A

Balanced arterial/venous dilation
Decrease BP, Reflex increase HR
Short half life (min)
IV only (for acute treatment)

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20
Q

Nitropruside: use

A

Hypertensive emergencies
Acute CHF
MI

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21
Q

Nitropruside: ADR

A

Acute: Hypotension
Chronic: Thiocyanate/ Cyanidetoxicity

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22
Q

Enzyme that converts Cyanide to Thiocyanate

A

Rhodunuse

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23
Q

Thiocynate toxicity

A

Headache
Nausea
Disorientation
Delerium

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24
Q

Cyanide toxicity

A

CN-cytochrome oxidase
Cytotoxic anoxia
Hypoxia, Convulsion
Respiratory arrest

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25
Q

Organic nitrate

A

Nitroglycerin
ISDN (Isosorbide dinitrate)
ISMN (Isosorbide mononitrate)

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26
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Organic nitrate

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27
Q

Isosorbide dinitrate/ Isosorbide mononitrate

A

Organic nitrates

28
Q

Organic nitrates: MoA

A

More venodilation
@ low dose: venodilation
Decrease CO, Reflex increase of HR/ TPR
@ high dose: venodilation and arteriodilation
Decrease CO, Decrease TPR, Decrease BP, Increase reflex HR

29
Q

Organic nitrate: Metabolism

A

Heptaic metabolism

Sublingual

30
Q

Organic nitrates: use

A

Angina
CHF
Acute MI

31
Q

Organic nitrate: ADR

A 
Excessive hypotension (headache, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, Angina)
Tolerance
32
Q

Nitric oxide: use

A

Hypoxic respiratory failure of term/ near-term neonate with pulmonary hypertension

33
Q

Nitric oxide: ADR

A

Pulmonary edema

Hypoxia with sudden withdrawal

34
Q

Nitric oxide excretion

A

In urine

35
Q

Hydralazine: MoA

A 
Arterial dilation (decrease TPR, BP, increase reflex HR)
Oral
36
Q

Hydralazine: use

A

CHF, Hypertension

37
Q

Hydralazine: ADR

A

Fluid retention
Tachycardia
+ANA= Lupus like syndrome (in slow acetylators)
no renal involvement, reversible at high dose

38
Q

Fenoldopam: MoA

A

D1-receptor agonist
IV, rapid acting
moderate duration

39
Q

Fenoldopam: use

A

Hypertensive emergency

40
Q

Fenoldopam: ADR

A

Hypersensitivity
Sodium metabisulfite
Tachycardia, Hypotension

41
Q

PDE inhibitors (3)

A

Sidenafil
Tadalafil
Vardenafil

42
Q

Sildenafil

A

PDE inhibitor

43
Q

Iadalafil

A

PDE inhibitor

44
Q

Vardenafil

A

PDE inhibitor

45
Q

PDE inhibitor: MoA

A 
Potentiate NO= increase cGMPr
Relax Corpus cavernosum
 Increase erection
Relax lower urinary tract
 Increase urination
46
Q

PDE inhibitors: use

A

Erectile dysfunction
BPH (Tadalafil)
Oral
Hepatic metabolism

47
Q

PDE inhibitors: ADR

A

Hypotension

48
Q

PDE inhibitor: contra

A

Concurrent organic nitrates (Nitroglycerides, ISDN, ISMN)
Beta blockers
CYP3A4 drugs

49
Q

ACE inhibitors

A 
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Captopril
Fosinopril
"-pril"
50
Q

“-prils”

A

ACE inhibitors

51
Q

ACE inhibitor: use

A

Hypertension
CHF
Post-MI
Diabetic nephropathy

52
Q

ACE inhibitor: ADR

A 
Cough
Fetopathic potential at last trimester
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Hypersensitivity
53
Q

ACE inhibitor: contra

A

Pregnancy
Hyperkalemia (Renal disease, K-sparing diuretics, K supplement)
Hypersensitivity

54
Q

AT-receptor antagonist

A

Saralasin
Losartan
Valsartan

55
Q

Saralasin

A

AT-receptor antagonsit

56
Q

“-sartan”

A

AT-receptor antagonist

57
Q

AT-receptor antagonist: MoA

A

Competitive antagnoist of AT1 receptor
Decrease aldosterone secretion
Decrease ATII induced vasoconstriction
Decrease neural release of NE= decrease vasoconstrict
Decrease remodeling
Decrease TPR, Decrease Na fluid retention, Decrease BP

58
Q

AT-receptor antagonist: use

A

Hypertension
CHF
Post-MI
Diabetics

59
Q

AT-receptor antagonist: ADR

A 
Getopathic potential
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Hypersensitivity
(no cough)
60
Q

AT-receptor antagonist: contra

A

Pregnancy
Hyperkalemia (Renal disease, K-sparing diuretic, K supplement)
Hypersensitivity

61
Q

Renin inhibitor

A

Aliskiren

62
Q

Aliskiren

A

Renin inhibitor

63
Q

Aliskiren: MoA

A

Inhibit renin

Decrease ATI and ATII

64
Q

Aliskiren: use

A 
Hypertension
CHF
Post-MI
Diabetic nephropathy
(same as ACEi)
65
Q

Aliskiren: ADR

A 
Cough (less than ACEi)
Fetopathic potential at last trimester
Hyperkalemia
Hypotension
Hypersensitivity
66
Q

Vasodilators and RAA system inhibitors: use

A

Hypertension
Angina
Ischemia
CHF

DT III Exam 1 (5 decks)

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