Diuretics Flashcards
CA inhibitor (1)
Acetazolamide
CA inhibitor: MoA
Inhibit Na-H and Na-K exchange
CA inhibitor: use
Open angle glaucoma
Alkalinization of urine
Mountain sickness
CA inhibitor: ADR
Metabolic acidosis
Hypokalemia, Drowsiness, Hypersensitivity
Thiazides (1+3)
Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorthialidone
Indapamide
Metolazone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide
Acetazolamide
CA inhibitor
Indapamide
Thiazide-related
Metolazone
Thiazide-related
Thiazide: MoR
At Distal tubule Inhibit luminal Na/Cl cotransporter Unique: Decrease Ca excretion Decrease uric acid excretion
Thiazide: use
Hypertension, CHF, Edema,
Hypercalcemic renal stone
Nephrotic syndrome
Not useful if
Thiazide:ADR
Hypokalemia with Digoxin Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia Hyperlipidemia Hypoercalcemia Hypersensitivity to Sulfonamide
Hypersensitivity to Sulfonamide
Thiazides and Loop diuretics
Loop diuretics (4)
Furosemide
Bumetanide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid
Furosemide
Loop diuretic
Bumetanide
Loop diuretic
Torsemide
Loop diuretic
Ethacrynic acid
Loop diuretic
Loop diuretic: MoA
At Ascending limb of loop of Henle
Decrease Na-K-2Cl cotransport
Unique:
Increase Ca excretion (opposite of Thiazide)
Loop diuretic: use
Acute pulmonary edema
Hypertension with low GFR
Hypercalcemia
Loop diuretic: ADR
Hypovolemia Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Hyperuricemia Hypersensitivity (except Ethacrynic acid) Hyperlipidemia
Aldosterone receptor antagonist (2)
Spirolactone
Epleronone
Spirolactone
Aldosterone receptor antagonist
Eplerenone
Aldosterone receptor antagonist
Aldosterone receptor antagonist:MoA
Distal tubule and Collecting duct Decrease Na-K exchange Unique: Decrease K excretion Decrease H excretion
Spironolactone: use
Primary hyperaldosteronism
Prevent hypokalemia
Edema from Hepatic cirrhosis ***
CHF
Eplerenone: use
Hypertension
CHF post MI
Aldosterone receptor antagonist: ADR
Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia/ Menstrual irregularity
(more with Spironolactone)
Na channel blockers (2)
Triamterene
Amilorides
Triamterene
Na channel blocker
Amilodide
Na channel blocker
Na channel blockers: MoA
Distal tubule and Collecting duct
Decrease Na channel
Decrease Na-K exchange
Na channel blocker: use
Secondary hyperaldosteronins
Prevent hypokalemia of other diuretics
Na channel blocker: ADR
Hyperkalemia
Osmotic diuretics (4)
Mannitol, Glycerol, Isosorbite, Urea
Mannitol
Osmotic diuretics
Glycerol
Osmotic diuretic
Isosorbite
Osmotic diuretic
Urea
Osmotic diuretic
Osmotic diuretics: MoA
Freely filtered, not reabsorbed Little metabolism Decrease passive H2O reabsorption Increae urinary flow Increase Na excretion Decrease urine osmolarity
Osmotic diuretics: use
Maintain urine flow
Acute renal failure
Reduce intracranial pressure
Glaucoma
Osmotic diuretics: ADR
Extracellular fluid volume
Alter blood Na and K levels
