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ANE > VASOCONSTRICTORS > Flashcards

VASOCONSTRICTORS Flashcards

1
Q

are an integral and necessary part of most local anesthetic solutions used in dentistry

A

VASOCONSTRICTORS

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2
Q

drugs that contract the smooth muscle in blood vessels, which causes the vessels to constrict

A

VASOCONSTRICTORS

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3
Q

VASOCONSTRICTORS

by constricting blood vessels, it decreases _____ (perfusion) to the site of drug administration
o local anesthetic stays within area of administration due to
constriction of blood vessels

A

blood flow

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4
Q

VASOCONSTRICTORS

absorption of the local anesthetic into the cardiovascular system
is ____, resulting in lower anesthetic blood levels

A

slowed

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5
Q

VASOCONSTRICTORS

local anesthetics blood levels are ______, thereby decreasing
the risk of the local anesthetic toxicity

A

lowered

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6
Q

more local anesthetics enter into the nerve, where it remains for
longer periods, thereby increasing the duration of action of most local anesthetics

A

VASOCONSTRICTORS

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7
Q

it decreases bleeding at the site of administration, therefore,
they are useful when increased bleeding is anticipated

A

VASOCONSTRICTORS

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8
Q

→ an increase rate of absorption of the local anesthetics into the cardiovascular system, which in turn removes it from the injection site (redistribution)

o effectiveness of local anesthesia will not be as felt due to

widening of blood vessels
o there is a tendency to place more local anesthetic

A

VASODILATORS

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9
Q

higher plasma levels of the local anesthetic, with an attendant increase in the risk of local anesthetic toxicity (overdose)

A

VASODILATORS

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10
Q

decrease in both the depth and duration of anesthesia because the local anesthetic diffuses away from the injection site more rapidly

A

VASODILATORS

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11
Q

increase bleeding at the site of treatment as a result of increased perfusion

A

VASODILATORS

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12
Q

classification of sympathomimetic drugs by chemical structure is related to the presence or absence of _____

A

catechol nucleus

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13
Q

is ortho dihydroxybenzene

A. catechol
B. vasoconstrictors

A

A

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14
Q

are either catecholamines or
non-catecholamines

A. catechol
B. vasoconstrictors

A

B

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15
Q

vasoconstrictors that do not possess OH group in the third or fourth position of the aromatic molecule are not catechols but are ____ because they have an NH2 group attached to the ____ side chain

A

amines, aliphatic

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16
Q

chemical structure of a vasoconstrictor includes:

A

Catechol
Catecholamine
Non-Catecholamine

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17
Q

T/F

All vasoconstrictors are amines but not all are catechol.

A

T

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18
Q

there are (3) categories of sympathomimetic amines:

A

Direct-Acting

Indirect Acting

Mixed Acting or Combination

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19
Q

attaching or directly stimulating adrenergic receptors

A. Direct-Acting
B. Indirect Acting
C. Mixed Acting or Combination

A

A

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20
Q

acts by releasing norepinephrine from adrenergic nerve terminals

A. Direct-Acting
B. Indirect Acting
C. Mixed Acting or Combination

A

B

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21
Q

both direct and indirect actions

A. Direct-Acting
B. Indirect Acting
C. Mixed Acting or Combination

A

C

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22
Q

found in most tissues of the body

A

ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS

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23
Q

these types of receptors can be found in surfaces of cells that
get activated when they bind to a type of neurotransmitter such
as catecholamines

A

ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS

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24
Q

ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS

has (2) major categories:

A

Alpha, Beta

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25
Q

produces excitation of catecholamines

A. Alpha
B. Beta

A

A

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26
Q

vasoconstriction

A. Alpha
B. Beta

A

A

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27
Q

produces inhibition of catecholamines

A. Alpha
B. Beta

A

B

28
Q

vasodilation

A. Alpha
B. Beta

A

B

29
Q

excitatory

A. A1
B. A2
C. B1
D. B2

A

A

30
Q

postsynaptic

A. A1
B. A2
C. B1
D. B2
E. Both A and b
F. Both C and D

A

E

31
Q

inhibitory

A. A1
B. A2
C. B1
D. B2

A

B

32
Q

heart and small intestine

A. A1
B. A2
C. B1
D. B2
E. Both A and b
F. Both C and D

A

C

33
Q

responsible for cardiac stimulation & lipolysis

A. A1
B. A2
C. B1
D. B2
E. Both A and b
F. Both C and D

A

C

34
Q

bronchi, vascular beds and uterus

A. A1
B. A2
C. B1
D. B2
E. Both A and b
F. Both C and D

A

D

35
Q

produce bronchodilation & vasodilation

A. A1
B. A2
C. B1
D. B2
E. Both A and b
F. Both C and D

A

D

36
Q

Maximum doses of vasoconstrictors are presented in ____ or more commonly today as ____ (μg).

A

milligrams, micrograms

37
Q

Maximum doses of vasoconstrictors are presented in ____ or more commonly today as ____ (μg).

A

milligrams, micrograms

38
Q

elevation of epinephrine plasma levels is linearly ____-dependent and persist from several minutes to half an hour

A

dose

39
Q

associated with moderate increase in cardiac output and stroke volume, blood pressure and heart rate

A

EPINEPHRINE

40
Q

in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular or thyroid disease, the side effects of absorbed ___ must be weighed against those of elevated local anesthetic blood vessels

A

epinephrine

41
Q

T/ F

IV administration of 0.015 mg of epinephrine with lidocaine results in increase in heart rate ranging from 25-70 beats per minute with elevations in the systolic blood from 20-70 mm HG

A

T

42
Q

occasionally rhythm disturbances may also be observed along with premature ventricular contractions (PVCS)

A

EPINEPHRINE

43
Q

most useful and represents the best example of a drug mimicking the activity of sympathetic discharge

A

EPINEPHRINE

44
Q

proprietary name of EPINEPHRINE

A

adrenalin

45
Q

EPINEPHRINE

as the acid salt, it is highly ___ in water

A

soluble

46
Q

In EPINEPHRINE this is added to delay deterioration

A

sodium bisulfite

47
Q

shelf life of a cartridge with vasoconstrictor is shorter (18
months) than without a vasoconstrictor (36 months)

A

EPINEPHRINE

48
Q

MODE OF ACTION
→ acts directly on both A and B adrenergic receptors (B effects predominate)

A

EPINEPHRINE

49
Q

SYSTEMIC ACTION OF EPINEPHRINE

A

MYOCARDIUM

PACEMAKER CELLS

CORONARY ARTERIES

BLOOD PRESSURE

CARDIOVASCULAR DYNAMICS

VASCULATURE

HEMOSTASIS

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

METABOLISM

50
Q

SYSTEMIC ACTION OF EPINEPHRINE

A

MYOCARDIUM

PACEMAKER CELLS

CORONARY ARTERIES

BLOOD PRESSURE

CARDIOVASCULAR DYNAMICS

VASCULATURE

HEMOSTASIS

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

METABOLISM

51
Q

epinephrine-containing local anesthetic solutions are used via infiltration into surgical sites to prevent or to minimize hemorrhage during surgical procedures

A

HEMOSTASIS

52
Q

T/ F

1:50,000 dilution of epinephrine is more effective than less concentrated 1:100,000 or 1:200,000 solutions

A

T

53
Q

T/ F

1:50,000 and 1:100,000 epinephrine dilution are more effective in restricting surgical blood loss than local anesthetics without vasoconstrictor additives

A

T

54
Q

PROPRIETARY NAME

Norepinephrine

A

Levophed

55
Q

PROPRIETARY NAME

Phenylephrine hydrochloride

A

Neo-Synephrine

56
Q

PROPRIETARY NAME

Levonordefrin

A

Neo-Cobefrin

57
Q

PROPRIETARY NAME

Felypressin

A

Octapressin

58
Q

useful in treatment of anxiety, tension, ang agitation

A

Phenothiazine (psycho sedatives)

59
Q

produce the opposite effect of alpha blocking agents

A

Propranolol or Inderal

60
Q

SELECTION OF VASOCONSTRICTOR

A

→ duration of desired effect
→ length of the dental procedures
→ requirement for hemostasis
→ medical status of the patient/physical condition of the patient → concurrent medication

61
Q

Norepinephrine

This is added to the cartridge to retard deterioration.

A

Acetone–sodium bisulfite

62
Q

T/F

Norepinephrine and Phenylephrine Hydrochloride is not clinically effective in the management of bronchospasm.

A

T

63
Q

has no effect on adrenergic nerve transmission; thus it may be safely administered to hyperthyroid patients

A

Felypressin

64
Q

This would likely increase bleeding at the surgical site rather than minimize it.

A

Felypressin

65
Q

It is the stablest and the weakest vasoconstrictor used in dentistry.

A

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride

66
Q

used as a vasoconstrictor in local anes- thetics, for the management of hypotension, as a nasal decongestant, and in ophthalmic solutions to produce mydriasis.

A

Phenylephrine Hydrochloride

ANE (5 decks)

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