Vasoconstrictors

Question 1

mechanism for controlling smooth muscle tone

Answer 1

Question 2

molecular basis for vasoconstriction

Answer 2

Question 3

what are the endogenous peptide vasoconstrictors

Answer 3

angiotensin
vasopressin
endothelin
urotensin

Question 4

urotensin binding site

Answer 4

binds to GPCRs in VSM and cardiac muscle

Question 5

urotensin structure

Answer 5

11aa cycle peptide

Question 6

where is urotensin produced

Answer 6

heart, liver, kidney

Question 7

what does urotensin elevate in diabetics

Answer 7

plasma levels

Question 8

endothelin structure

Answer 8

21aa peptide

Question 9

where is endothelin produced

Answer 9

vascular endothelium

Question 10

what does endothelin bind to and effect

Answer 10

GPCRs in VSM and contracts VSM

Question 11

what does endothelin elevate

Answer 11

plasma levels in PAH

Question 12

what are the therapeutic uses of vasoconstrictors

Answer 12

shock - anaphylactic, brain trauma, hemorrhagic
anesthesia (esp. spinal)
chronic orthostatic hypotension

Question 13

what are the drugs used as alpha1 adrenergic receptor antagonists

Answer 13

epinephrine, phenylephrine, midodrine, droxidopa

Question 14

epinephrine uses

Answer 14

adjunct to local anesthetics
reduces blood flow to site of injection
hemostasis during surgery

Question 15

epinephrine cautions

Answer 15

lower dose required
decreased toxicity
longer duration of action

Question 16

what can vasoconstrictors also be used for

Answer 16

nasal and ophthalmic decongestants bc it causes vasoconstriction in nasal mucosa and conjunctiva

Question 17

direct acting alpha1 adrenergic receptor agonists

Answer 17

phenylephrine

Question 18

indirect acting alpha1 adrenergic receptor agonists

Answer 18

pseudoephedrine, ephedrine

Question 19

partial acting alpha1 adrenergic receptor agonists

Answer 19

naphazoline, tetrahydrozoline, oxymetazoline