Vasoactive Peptides; L7 (10-01-15)

Question 1

Captopril

Answer 1

• MOA: ACE inhibitor (-> ARTERIOLAR AND VENOUS VASODILATION)
• ROA: oral
• Indications: HTN (also, congestive heart failure–decrease afterload/adverse LV remodeling/symptoms, increase survival)
• Side-effects: severe stomach pain, chest pain, allergic rxn; (Captopril cough; acute renal failure and hyperkalemia)

(*Note: taken twice a day)

Question 2

Enalapril

Answer 2

• MOA: ACE inhibitor (-> ARTERIOLAR AND VENOUS VASODILATION)
• ROA: oral
• Indications: HTN (also, congestive heart failure–decrease afterload/adverse LV remodeling/symptoms, increase survival)
• Side-effects: hypotension, severe stomach pain; (acute renal failure and hyperkalemia)

(*Note: taken once daily, as compared to twice daily Captopril)

Question 3

Losartan

Answer 3

• MOA: angiotensin receptor inhibitor (-> ARTERIOLAR AND VENOUS VASODILATION)
• ROA: oral
• Indications: HTN (also, congestive heart failure–decrease symptoms, increase survival)
• Side-effects: diarrhea, insomnia, nasal congestion; (acute renal failure and hyperkalemia)

Question 4

Valsartan

Answer 4

• MOA: angiotensin receptor inhibitor (-> ARTERIOLAR AND VENOUS VASODILATION)
• ROA: oral
• Indications: HTN (also, congestive heart failure–decrease symptoms, increase survival)
• Side-effects: stomach pain, nausea; (acute renal failure and hyperkalemia)

Question 5

~Icatibant

Answer 5

• MOA: bradykinin receptor inhibitor
• ROA: oral
• Indications: inflammatory responses
• Side-effects: stomach pain, nausea

Question 6

~Aprotonin

Answer 6

• MOA: kallikrein inhibitor
• ROA: IV
• Indications: inflammation
• Side-effects: heart attack, stroke, kidney failure

Question 7

Desmopressin (DDAVP)

Answer 7

• MOA: vasopressin analogue (long-acting; preferentially binds V2»V1 receptors); (-> VASOCONSTRICTION; increased H2O RESORPTION)
• ROA: IV
• Indications: bleeding; (diabetes insipidus, mild hemophilia A, some von Willebrand’s disease)
• Side-effects: headache, stomach pain, nausea

Question 8

Bosentan

Answer 8

• MOA: endothelin receptor inhibitor (-> VASODILATION)
• ROA: oral
• Indications: pulmonary arterial HTN (PAH)
• Side-effects: liver problems, stomach pain, nausea