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Cardiovascular 2 > Vasculitis, Hyperreactivity, Veins and Lymphatics, Vascular Tumors > Flashcards

Vasculitis, Hyperreactivity, Veins and Lymphatics, Vascular Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

Nonspecific signs of vasculitis

A

Fever, malaise, joint and muscle aches

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2
Q

Noninfectious vasculitis

A

Via immunologic (complex or autoantibody) injury

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3
Q

Infectious vasculitis

A

Pathogenic organisms invading the vessel wall

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4
Q

Treatment for NONINFECTOUS vasculitis

A

Immunosuppression

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5
Q

Large vessel vasculitis possibilities

A
  • Giant cell (temporal) arteritis (>50)

- Takayasu arteritis (

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6
Q

Medium vessel vasculitis possibilities

A
  • Polyarteritis nodosa (immune complexes)

- Kawasaki disease (anti-endothelial Ab’s)

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7
Q

Small vessel vasculitis possibilities (7)

A
  • Microscopic polyangiitis (no asthma or granulomas)
  • Wegener’s granulomatosis (granulomas, no asthma)
  • Churg-Strauss (granulomas, asthma, eosinophilia)
  • SLE (complex)
  • HSP (IgA complex)
  • Goodpasture’s (complex)
  • Cryoglobulin vasculitis (complex)
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8
Q

Anti-proteinase-3

A

C-ANCA

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9
Q

Anti-myeloperoxidase

A

P-ANCA

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10
Q

T or F: ANCA levels correlate w/ disease severity

A

TRUE

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11
Q

MOA of ANCAs

A

Activate neutrophils that then release ROS

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12
Q

Giant cell (temporal) arteritis

A
  • Vision loss and/or headache, non-specific symptoms
  • T-cell inflammation of arteries in head (temporal, ophthalmic)
  • Granulomatous inflammation w/ multinucleated giant cells
  • PATCHY and FOCAL inflammation
  • Scarring of media, thickening of intima
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13
Q

Takayasu arteritis

A
  • Weak pulse and low BP in upper extremities
  • Similar inflammation to temporal arteritis, but involving aortic arch and major branch vessels
  • Younger age group (
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14
Q

Polyarteritis nodosa

A
  • Young adult (could be any age though)
  • Systemic vasculitis via immune complexes
  • Renal > coronary > liver > GI tract
  • LUNGS ARE SPARED
  • Transmural necrotizing inflammation w/ fibrinoid necrosis
  • 1/3 have Chronic Hepatitis B (HBsAg-Ab complexes)
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15
Q

Kawasaki’s disease

A
  • Infants and small children ( aneurysm, rupture
  • RISK OF ACUTE M.I.
  • Anti-endothelial antibodies
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16
Q

Treatment of Kawasaki’s disease

A

Aspirin + IVIg (lower risk of coronary artery event)

17
Q

Microscopic polyangiitis

A
  • Necrotizing vasculitis of SMALL vessels
  • Fibrinoid necrosis
  • Renal glomeruli and lung capillaries
  • P-ANCA
  • Many apoptotic neutrophils
18
Q

Churg-Strauss syndrome

A
  • Necrotizing vasculitis of SMALL vessels
  • ASTHMA, ALLERGIES, EOSINOPHILIA
  • GRANULOMAS
  • Otherwise similar inflammation to M.P. or PAN
19
Q

Behcet disease

A
  • Vasculitis of small/medium vessels
  • ULCERS of ORAL CAVITY
  • GENITAL ULCERS
  • UVEITIS
  • Neutrophilic, nonspecific inflammation
  • HLA-B51 association
20
Q

Granulomatosis w/ polyangiitis (Wegener’s)

A
  • Males, 40’s
  • Persistent pulmonary, URI, and renal disease
  • Necrotizing vasculitis
  • Granulomas of upper and lower respiratory tract
  • Crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
  • C-ANCA
  • Treat w/ corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide
21
Q

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease)

A
  • THROMBOSING vasculitis of small/medium vessels
  • Tibial aa.
  • Radial aa.
  • Vascular insufficiency of DIGITS/extremities
  • SMOKERS, young adults
  • Adjacent veins and nerves can get inflammation too
  • Chronic ulceration –> GANGRENE
22
Q

Primary vs. Secondary Raynaud’s

A 
Primary = COLD --> symmetric digits (benign)
Secondary = part of arterial disease (SLE, scleroderma, Buerger's disease) (worsens with time)
23
Q

2 causes of myocardial artery vasospasm

A
  • Excess epinephrine (pheochromocytoma)

- Cocaine

24
Q

Varicose veins

Risks?

A
  • Dilation of veins via valvular incompetence

- Stasis, congestion, thrombus, edema, ischemia of skin

25
Q

Portal hypertension can cause what 3 venous dilations?

A
  • Esophageal varices (can fatally rupture)
  • Hemorrhoids (rectal veins –> pain, bleeding, ulcerate)
  • Caput medusa (periumbilical veins)
26
Q
  • Sitting for long period of time
  • Venous congestion in deep leg

Risk?

A

DVT

Risk = pulmonary embolism

27
Q

Trousseau sign

A

Migrating thrombophlebitis

  • Often due to paraneoplastic hypercoaguability
  • Usually MUCIN-producing ADENOcarcinomas of LUNG, OVARY, PANCREAS
28
Q

Hemangioma

Common sites?

A

Local increased neoplastic blood vessel growth

  • Skin, mucus membranes, liver
29
Q

3 types of hemangioma (w/ descriptions)

A
  • Capillary hemangioma (thin-walled capillaries tightly packed)
  • Cavernous hemangioma (irregular, dilated vascular channels making lesion w/o distinct border; deep tissue)
  • Pyogenic granuloma (LOBULAR capillary hemangioma) (NOT pyogenic, NOT a granuloma) (rapidly growing, oral mucosa)
30
Q

Lymphangioma vs. hemangioma

A

Lymphangioma = NO RBCs

31
Q

2 types of lymphangioma (w/ descriptions)

A
  • Simple lymphangioma (head/neck and axilla)

- Cavernous lymphangioma (cystic hygroma) (neck or axilla of children, can be large) (TURNER’S SYNDROME)

32
Q

Glomus tumor

A

Benign tumor via glomus bodies (distal fingers)

  • PAINFUL
  • SM origin
33
Q

Bacillary angiomatosis

A

Vascular proliferation via Gram (-) Bartonella species

  • IMMUNOCOMPROMISED
  • Skin, localized, red papules, capillary proliferation
  • Treat w/ macrolide antibiotics
34
Q

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma

A

Neoplastic endothelial cells resembling epithelium (cuboidal, plump)

35
Q

Kaposi sarcoma - associated w/ what?

A

HHV8

36
Q

4 types of Kaposi’s sarcoma (w/ descriptions)

A
  • AIDS-associated KS (spread to LNs and viscera)
  • Classic KS (no AIDS, older men of mediterranean descent, skin only)
  • African KS (no AIDS,
37
Q

Angiosarcoma

A

Malignant endothelial tumor

  • Commonly in skin, soft tissue, breast, liver
  • Older people
  • Locally invasive and metastatic
  • Relatively deadly
  • CD31 marker

Cardiovascular 2 (20 decks)

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