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MSK- Rheumatology > Vasculitis > Flashcards

Vasculitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mortality rate of untreated small vessel vasculitis ?

A

90% after two years

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2
Q

What is primary vasculitis?

A

Autoimmune vasculitis

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3
Q

What is secondary vasculitis?

A

Vasculitis triggered by an infection, drug, toxin or cancer.

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4
Q

What are the different classes of Vasculitis?

A

Large-vesselVasculitis

Medium vessle vasculitis

Small-vessel vasculitis:-

ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis

Immune complex small vessel vasculitis

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5
Q

What symptoms are common to all vasculitides?

A

Fever

malaise

Weight loss

fatigue

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6
Q

What are the two main causes of Large vessle vasculitis?

A

Takayasu arteritis (TA)

Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA)

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7
Q

Who gets Takayasu arteritis?

A

Asian woman under 40yrs

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8
Q

Who gets Giant Cel arteritis?

A

people older than 50.

Increased risk in polymyalgia rheumatica

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9
Q

What is characterisitc of both Takayasu Arteritis and Giant cell arteritis?

A

Granulomatous infiltration of the walls of large vessels.

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10
Q

What percentage of patients with Giant cell arteritis also have Temporal arteritis?

A

50%

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11
Q

What are the classic symptoms of this disease?

A

Temporal Arteritis

Unilateral temporal headache

Scalp tenderness

Jaw claudiaction

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12
Q

Why is there a risk of blindness in people with temporal arteritis?

A

Due to iscaemia of the optic nerve

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13
Q

What autoimmune disease greatly increase the risk of giant cell arteritis?

A

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

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14
Q

Whats the problem with a Temporal Artery biopsy

A

Temporal arteritis has skip lesions. You could miss it

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15
Q

What is the mangement plan for Temporal Arteritis ?

A

40-60mg of prednisolone

or

methotrexate/azathioprine

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16
Q

What causes Medium vessel vasculitis?

A

Kawasaki Disease

Polyarteritis nodosa

17
Q

Who gets Kawaski disease?

A

Kids under 5yrs

18
Q

Which vessle is it imporant to pay particular attention to in Kawasaki disease?

A

Cornary arteries as aneuyrisims can develop

19
Q

What is Polyarteritis nodosa?

A

Necrotizing inflammatory lesions that affect arteries at vessel bifurcations resulting in microaneurysms.

20
Q

Where in the body does Polyarteritis nodosa usually have an effect?

A

Skin

gut

kidneys

21
Q

What are the two classes of Small vessel Vasculitis?

A

ANCA associated Vasculitis

ANCA negative Vasulitis

22
Q

study this

A
23
Q

Who gets Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis?

A

Northern Europeans

male - female 1.5 - 1

any age but typically 35-55

24
Q

How does Eosinophilic granulomatos with Polyangitis compare to Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

A

In eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangitis you will find the presence of late onset asthma and a high eosinophil count

25
Q

What tests can you do to diagnose Temporal Arteritis?

A

Biospy - beware of skip lesions

26
Q

What is a buzzword for granulmoatosis with polyangiitis?

A

Weight loss with ENT problems

27
Q

What must you always check for in suspected vasculitis ?

A

Renal Function tests

28
Q

What would you look for/find in the blood tests in a patient with Giant cell arteritis?

A

Raised ESR
Raised plasma viscosity

Raised CRP

29
Q

What would you do if a patient came in and you suspected Temporal Arteritis?

A

Start Prednisolone 40-60mg

Reffer for a biopsy

Check renal function

30
Q

Who gets this and Why?

A

People with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)

Ischeamia of the cartilage resulting in saddle nose.

31
Q

What 4 things are classic of granulomatosis with polyangiitis?

A
  1. Nasal or oral inflammation- ulcers
  2. Nodules, fixed infiltrates or cavities on CXR
  3. Microhematuria
  4. Gramulatomous inflammation of artery walls
32
Q
A

MSK- Rheumatology (8 decks)

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