vasculitis Flashcards
what is vasculitis
inflammation of the blood vessels
what are the types of vasculitis affecting the small vessels
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg Strauss)
microscopic polyangiitis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
types of vasculitis affecting the medium vessels
polyarteritis nodosa
Churg Strauss
Kawasaki disease
types of vasculitis affecting the large vessels
giant cell arteritis
takayasu arteritis
presentation
purpura - non-blanching spots
joint and muscle pain
peripheral neuropathy
renal impairment
gastrointestinal disturbance
anterior uveitis and scleritis
hypertension
systemic:
fatigue , fever , weight loss , anorexia , anaemia
investigation for vasculitis
inflammatory markers (ie ESR CRP)
anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) !!! there are two types
p-ANCA and c-ANCA
p-ANCA = microscopic polyangiitis and Churg Strauss
c-ANCA = granulomatosis with polyangiitis
management
depends on the type but treatment usually involves a combination of steroids and immunosuppressants
Steroids can be administered to target the affected area
oral - prednisolone
iv - hydrocortisone
nasal sprays
inhaled
immunosuppressants:
cyclophosphamide
methotrexate
azathioprine
rituximab and other monoclonal antibodies
Henoch Scholein purpura
IgA vasculitis that presents as purpura on the lower limbs or buttocks in children
inflammation occurs due to immunoglobulin A deposits in the blood vessels of affected organs such as the skin, kidneys and gi tract
it is triggered by an upper airway infection or a gastroenteritis
most commonly in ages below 10 years
-purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain, renal involvement causing IgA nephritis
management is typically supportive
Churg Strauss
small and medium vessel vasculitis
most associated with lung and skin problems
often present with severe asthma in late teenage years or adulthood
Inx= elevated eosinophilic levels on FBC
granulomatosis with polyangiitis
