principles of resuscitation Flashcards
what is resuscitation
the process of correcting physiological disorders in an acutely unwell or injured patient
common cause for trauma
RTC / falls
who is most likely to have trauma
men age 18-40
what is involved in primary survey
general impression
ABCDE
what is involved in primary survey
general impression
ABCDE
ATMIST
Age
Time of incident
Mechanism of injury
Injuries sustained
signs n symptoms
Treatment
AMPLE history
allergies
medication
PMH
last ate
events leading up to presentation
AMPLE history
allergies
medication
PMH
last ate
events leading up to presentation
What does airway cover
C-spine control
exsanguanating haemorrhage
open or closed
action required
adjuncts
what allergies/medications are relevant to know about in trauma
warfarin
DOACs
if theyre on beta blockers
allergy to analgesia
opening airways in trauma ?
jaw thrust - not head tilt (fracture)
T/F not all trauma patients receive high flow oxygen
F
all patients do
managemen of tension pneumothorax
oxygen
thoracocentesis
chest drain
what is this
management of massive haemothorax
oxygen
chest drain and circulatory resuscitation
what types of people have very good compensatory mechanism for blood loss and so may not present with haemorrhagic shock
pregnant women
children
what is the resuscitations fluid of choice
blood
O-ve / type specific / cross match
ratio = 1 RCC : 1FFP
what is the resuscitations fluid of choice
blood
O-ve / type specific / cross match
ratio = 1 RCC : 1FFP
what is tranexamic acid
used to prevent excessive blood loss in trauma / post partum bleeding etc
(clotting)
other than IV fluids what other acute interventions are there
tranexamic acid
direct pressire
tourniquet
splint long bones
pelvic binder
things to check in disability
head trauma ?
AVPU
GCS
Pupils
lateralising signs
do always give COPD patients oxygen
yes
hypercapnia (?) can be corrected
how would a patient sustain a secondary head injury
hypoxia
how can we prevent secondary injury in C-spine
MILS - manual in line stabilisation
three point fixation - hard collar, blocks and tape
clearing C-spine for minor trauma
NEXUS criteria
clearing C-spine for major trauma
can’t do much without CT scan
further investigation in trauma (beyond ABCDE)
aim for a whole body CT scan within 30 minutes
plain film
ECG
ABG
liaise with family police
