Vasculitides

Question 1

define vasculitis

Answer 1

inflammation and necrosis of blood vessels

Question 2

what viral infections are associated with vasculitis?

Answer 2

Hep B (polyarteritis nodosa), HSV, CMV, Parvovirus

Question 3

ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) are associated with what kinds of vasculitis?

Answer 3

small vessel vasculitis (ex. Wegener’s)

Question 4

How is ANCA detected?

Answer 4

indirect immunofluorescence assays using patient’s sera and ethanol-fixed neutrophils

Question 5

P-ANCA is strongly associated with what vasculitis disoorder?

Answer 5

Microscopic polyarteritis, and Churg-Strauss

Question 6

What is the vessel most often affected by Giant Cell arteritis?

Answer 6

temporal artery

Question 7

Who is most likely to be affected with giant cell ateritis?

Answer 7

most common in people over 70 and more common in women

Question 8

cord-like nodular thickening is seen in what type of vasculitis?

Answer 8

giant cell arteritis

Question 9

True or false: ANCA is a diagnostic feature of giant cell arteritis?

Answer 9

FALSE, ANCA is seen in small vessel arteritis

Question 10

HLA-DR4 is associaed with what type of vasculitis?

Answer 10

Giant Cell Arteritis

Question 11

What type of benign, self-limited vasculitis presents with headache and temporal pain?

Answer 11

Giant Cell Arteritis

Question 12

What type of vasculitis is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis of unknown etiology, characterized by granulomatous lesions of the nose, sinuses, lungs, and renal glomerular disease?

Answer 12

Wegener Granulomatosis

Question 13

persistent bilateral pneumonitis with nodular infiltrates that undergo cavitation similar to TB lesions occur in what type of vasculitis?

Answer 13

Wegener’s granulomatosis

Question 14

What is the treatment for Wegener’s granulomatosis?

Answer 14

cyclophosphamide

Question 15

what is another name for Churg-Strauss Syndrome?

Answer 15

Allergic Granulomatosis and Angitis

Question 16

What does widespread necrotizing lesions of small and medium-sized arteries, arterioles, veins found in the lungs, spleen, kidney, heart, liver, CNS…

Answer 16

Churg-Strauss

Question 17

Describe the lesions of Churg-Strauss

Answer 17

granulomatous, intense eosinophilic infiltrates in and around blood vessels

Question 18

Treatment for Churg-Strauss

Answer 18

corticosteriods

Question 19

Young patients with asthma are associated with what type of vasculitis?

Answer 19

Churg-Strauss

Question 20

What type of vasculitis shows thickening of the aorta with focal raised plaques in the intima?

Answer 20

Takayasu arteritis

Question 21

What is pulseless disease?

Answer 21

Takayasu arteritis: branches of the aorta often have localized stenosis or occlusion –> interferes with blood flow

Question 22

occlusive inflammatory disease of medium and small arteries in the distal arms and legs

Answer 22

Buerger Disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)

Question 23

Smoking is a obvious causal agent in what vascultis disease?

Answer 23

Buerger Disease

we know because smoking cessation can induce remission

Question 24

In what type of vasculitis is cell-mediated hypersensitivity to collagen II and III observerd?

Answer 24

Buerger Disease

Question 25

Patient presents with painful ulceration of a digit, which progresses to destruction of the tip of the digit, what is the disorder?

Answer 25

Buerger disease

Question 26

Systemic vasculitis charachterized by oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and ocular inflammation:

Answer 26

Behcet Disease

Question 27

This vasculitis affects all sizes of vessels

Answer 27

Behcet disease

Question 28

this type of vasculitis displays parasitic invasion of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells of the media of small vessels and capillaries

Answer 28

Rickettsial Vasculitis

Question 29

Acute Phase of Radiation Vasculitis

Answer 29

endothelial injury and denudation, ballooning degeneration of intimal smooth muscle cells and macrophages and medial smooth muscle cell necrosis which may be fibrinoid

Question 30

Chronic phase of Radiation Vasculitis

Answer 30

intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis of the vessel wall

Question 31

polymorphonuclear infiltrates with inflammation of the endothelium associated with thrombosis and obliteration of the affected vessels

Answer 31

Buerger disease

Question 32

Hypersensitivity Angiitis

Answer 32

broad spectrum of inflammatory lesions that represent a reaction to foreign materials (bacterial products, sulfa drugs)

Question 33

What is hypersensitivity angiitis called when it is confined to the skin?

Answer 33

leukocytoclastic vasculitis, cutaneous vasculitis, or cutaneous necrotizing venulitis

Question 34

Who is most likely to be affected by Takayasu arteritis?

Answer 34

Women under 30

Question 35

Churg-Strauss disease resembles

Answer 35

polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener

Question 36

Purpura or skin rash in a patient with a known autoimmune disease is usually attributed to

Answer 36

hypersensitivity vasculitis

Question 37

What vasculitis presents with fever, skin rash, mucosal inflammation, and lymph node enlargement

Answer 37

Kawasaki disease

Question 38

What is a dangerous complication of Kawasaki disease?

Answer 38

coronary artery involvement, aneurysm formation, rarely heart failure

Question 39

most common type of childhood vasculitis caused by vascular localization of immune complexes, containing mostly IgA

Answer 39

Henoch-Schonlein purpura