Vasculitides Flashcards
define vasculitis
inflammation and necrosis of blood vessels
what viral infections are associated with vasculitis?
Hep B (polyarteritis nodosa), HSV, CMV, Parvovirus
ANCA (antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies) are associated with what kinds of vasculitis?
small vessel vasculitis (ex. Wegener’s)
How is ANCA detected?
indirect immunofluorescence assays using patient’s sera and ethanol-fixed neutrophils
P-ANCA is strongly associated with what vasculitis disoorder?
Microscopic polyarteritis, and Churg-Strauss
What is the vessel most often affected by Giant Cell arteritis?
temporal artery
Who is most likely to be affected with giant cell ateritis?
most common in people over 70 and more common in women
cord-like nodular thickening is seen in what type of vasculitis?
giant cell arteritis
True or false: ANCA is a diagnostic feature of giant cell arteritis?
FALSE, ANCA is seen in small vessel arteritis
HLA-DR4 is associaed with what type of vasculitis?
Giant Cell Arteritis
What type of benign, self-limited vasculitis presents with headache and temporal pain?
Giant Cell Arteritis
What type of vasculitis is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis of unknown etiology, characterized by granulomatous lesions of the nose, sinuses, lungs, and renal glomerular disease?
Wegener Granulomatosis
persistent bilateral pneumonitis with nodular infiltrates that undergo cavitation similar to TB lesions occur in what type of vasculitis?
Wegener’s granulomatosis
What is the treatment for Wegener’s granulomatosis?
cyclophosphamide
what is another name for Churg-Strauss Syndrome?
Allergic Granulomatosis and Angitis
What does widespread necrotizing lesions of small and medium-sized arteries, arterioles, veins found in the lungs, spleen, kidney, heart, liver, CNS…
Churg-Strauss
Describe the lesions of Churg-Strauss
granulomatous, intense eosinophilic infiltrates in and around blood vessels
Treatment for Churg-Strauss
corticosteriods
Young patients with asthma are associated with what type of vasculitis?
Churg-Strauss
What type of vasculitis shows thickening of the aorta with focal raised plaques in the intima?
Takayasu arteritis
What is pulseless disease?
Takayasu arteritis: branches of the aorta often have localized stenosis or occlusion –> interferes with blood flow
occlusive inflammatory disease of medium and small arteries in the distal arms and legs
Buerger Disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
Smoking is a obvious causal agent in what vascultis disease?
Buerger Disease
we know because smoking cessation can induce remission
In what type of vasculitis is cell-mediated hypersensitivity to collagen II and III observerd?
Buerger Disease
Patient presents with painful ulceration of a digit, which progresses to destruction of the tip of the digit, what is the disorder?
Buerger disease
Systemic vasculitis charachterized by oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and ocular inflammation:
Behcet Disease
This vasculitis affects all sizes of vessels
Behcet disease
this type of vasculitis displays parasitic invasion of endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells of the media of small vessels and capillaries
Rickettsial Vasculitis
Acute Phase of Radiation Vasculitis
endothelial injury and denudation, ballooning degeneration of intimal smooth muscle cells and macrophages and medial smooth muscle cell necrosis which may be fibrinoid
Chronic phase of Radiation Vasculitis
intimal hyperplasia and fibrosis of the vessel wall
polymorphonuclear infiltrates with inflammation of the endothelium associated with thrombosis and obliteration of the affected vessels
Buerger disease
Hypersensitivity Angiitis
broad spectrum of inflammatory lesions that represent a reaction to foreign materials (bacterial products, sulfa drugs)
What is hypersensitivity angiitis called when it is confined to the skin?
leukocytoclastic vasculitis, cutaneous vasculitis, or cutaneous necrotizing venulitis
Who is most likely to be affected by Takayasu arteritis?
Women under 30
Churg-Strauss disease resembles
polyarteritis nodosa and Wegener
Purpura or skin rash in a patient with a known autoimmune disease is usually attributed to
hypersensitivity vasculitis
What vasculitis presents with fever, skin rash, mucosal inflammation, and lymph node enlargement
Kawasaki disease
What is a dangerous complication of Kawasaki disease?
coronary artery involvement, aneurysm formation, rarely heart failure
most common type of childhood vasculitis caused by vascular localization of immune complexes, containing mostly IgA
Henoch-Schonlein purpura
