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1ST YR - APM- Anatomy e lets > Vasculature of the Head and Neck > Flashcards

Vasculature of the Head and Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Which artery is the main blood supply to the head and neck?

A

The carotid artery

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2
Q

Name the largest carotid artery

A

The common carotid arteries

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3
Q

Where does the left common carotid artery arise from?

A

Directly from the aorta

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4
Q

Where does the right common carotid artery arise from?

A

brachiocephalic trunk which arises from the aorta

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5
Q

Where do the common carotid arteries run?

A

The common carotid arteries travel upwards on each side of the neck, lateral to the trachea and oesophagus

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6
Q

Where do the common carotid divide?

A

At around the level of the laryngeal prominence each common carotid divides into two vessels: the internal and external common carotid arteries

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7
Q

Where does the internal common carotid artery travel?

A

Travel upwards to enter the cranial cavity through the carotid canal in the temporal bone

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8
Q

What does the internal carotid artery supply?

A

It is the main blood supply to the brain

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9
Q

Which of the two branches of the common carotid has branches?

A

The external common carotid

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10
Q

Name some of the branches of the external common carotid

A 
superior thyroid lingual
facial
ascending pharyngeal
occipital
posterior auricular,
maxillary,
superficial temporal
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11
Q

Which branch of the external common carotid artery supplies the tongue and floor of the mouth?

A

The lingual artery

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12
Q

Where does the lingual artery originate?

A

Originates from the anteromedial surface of the external carotid artery

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13
Q

Where does the lingual nerve travel?

A

It passes upwards to run medial to the posterior border of the hyoglossus muscle before running horizontally forwards under cover of the same muscle.
Then runs on the undersurface of the tongue to its tip

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14
Q

What happens to the lingual artery while it is in the tongue?

A

It gives off a number of branches which supply the muscles and mucosa of the tongue, and the floor of the mouth, palatoglossal arch, tonsil, soft palate and epiglottis.

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15
Q

Name some specific structures the lingual nerve supplies

A

Supplies the muscles and mucosa of the:

  1. tongue
  2. the floor of the mouth
  3. palatoglossal arch
  4. tonsil
  5. soft palate
  6. epiglottis.
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16
Q

Where does the facial artery arise from?

A

Arises from the external carotid artery a little above the lingual artery

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17
Q

Where does the facial artery run?

A
  1. Initially runs medial to the ramus of the mandible
  2. Then grooves the posterior border of the submandibular salivary gland.
  3. It then loops around the lower margin of the mandible just anterior to the masseter muscle
  4. On the face it runs towards the corner of the mouth before running up the side of the nose to the medial aspect of the orbit
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18
Q

Where does the facial after run on the face?

A

It runs towards the corner of the mouth before running up the side of the nose to the medial aspect of the orbit

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19
Q

Name some branches of the facial artery

A
  1. The ascending palatine artery
  2. The inferior and superior labial arteries
  3. glandular branches
  4. tonsilar artery
  5. submental artery
  6. Lateral nasal branches.
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20
Q

What does the ascending palatine artery supply?

A

The soft palate and the upper part of the pharynx as well as the tonsil and auditory tube

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21
Q

What does the auditory tube do?

A

Connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx

This allows for pressure equalisation

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22
Q

Where does the ascending palatine artery arise from?

A

Arises close to the origin of the facial artery

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23
Q

What do the inferior and superior labial arteries supply ?

A

Supply the lower and upper lips respectively

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24
Q

Where does the brachiocephalic trunk arise from?

A

The aorta

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25
Describe the maxillary artery
It is now of the terminal branches of the external carotid artery It has around 17 branches
26
Where does the maxillary artery arise from?
Arises from behind the neck of the mandible | Initially embedded in the parotid
27
Where does try maxillary artery run?
1. Initially it's embedded in the parotid gland. 2. It then runs forwards into the infratemporal fossa, passing either deep or superficial to the lateral pterygoid muscle 3. Then turns medially to enter the pterygopalatine fossa.
28
What can happen if you accidentally insert you needle into the maxillary artery?
As the blood within it is under high pressure, this can cause a very obvious haematoma to form on the side of the patient’s face.
29
Name the branches of the maxillary artery you need to know
1. The inferior alveolar artery 2. The posterior superior alveolar artery 3. The infraorbital artery 4. The greater palatine artery
30
Where does the inferior alveolar artery run?
1. Descends from its origin to enter the mandibular foramen 2. Travels within the mandibular canal to the level of the mental foramen 3. Branches into mental and incisive branches.
31
What does the mental branch of the maxillary artery do?
Helps supply blood to the chin
32
What does the inferior alveolar artery supply?
The mandibular teeth teeth
33
Where does the posterior superior alveolar artery branch from?
Branches from the maxillary artery in the pterygopalatine fossa
34
Where does the posterior superior alveolar artery run?
Runs down the posterior surface of the maxilla, dividing into smaller branches
35
What do the small branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery supply?
Some of them enter the maxilla to supply the molar and premolar teeth and maxillary sinus Others help to supply the maxillary gingivae
36
How does the maxillary artery terminate?
by dividing into the: 1. sphenopalatine artery 2. infraorbital artery Whilst in the pterygopalatine fossa
37
Where does the maxillary artery terminate?
In the pterygopalatine fossa
38
Where does the infraorbital artery run?
1. Passes under the orbit and onto the face through the infraorbital foramen 2. Whilst in the IO canal, it gives off its anterior superior alveolar branches
39
What happens to the infraorbital artery while it's in the infraorbital canal?
It gives off its anterior superior alveolar branches
40
What do the anterior superior alveolar arteries supply?
The maxillary sinus and anterior teeth
41
What does the sphenopalatine artery supply?
The nasal cavity
42
Where does the greater palatine artery emerge from?
From the maxillary artery whilst it is still in the pterygopalatine fossa
43
Where does the greater valentine artery travel?
1. It is transmitted through the palatine canal with the greater palatine nerve, 2. it gives off the lesser palatine branches whilst en route to the hard palate.
44
What does the greater palatine artery branch into?
The lesser palatine artery
45
Where do the lesser palatine arteries go after branching off?
Emerge through the lesser palatine foramina
46
What do the lesser palatine arteries supply?
Contribute to the blood supply of the soft palate,
47
Where do the greater palatine arteries go after branching at the palatine canal?
emerges onto the hard palate through the Greater Palatine foramen
48
What does the greater palatine artery supply?
1. Supplies all of the hard palatine mucosa and palatine gingive 2. anteroinferior part of the nasal cavity
49
How does the greater palatine artery supply the anteroinferior part of the nasal cavity?
It passes upwards towards the incisive canal to supply the anteroinferior part of the nasal cavity
50
What is the tongue drained by?
1. The deep lingual veins | 2. The dorsal lingual vein
51
Where do the deep lingual veins run?
They run just below the mucosa | They travel posteriorly
52
What do the deep lingual veins run medial to ?
Medial to the hyoglossus muscle
53
What do the deep lingual veins eventually join too?
the dorsal lingual vein to empty into the internal jugular vein.
54
Where do most of the veins in the facial region empty into?
the internal jugular vein
55
Where does the dorsal lingual vein run?
Runs lateral to the hyoglossus muscle with the hypoglossal nerve
56
Where does the internal jugular vein originate?
Originates at the base of the skull and runs down in the neck to fuse with the subclavian veins, thus forming the brachiocephalic veins.
57
What forms when the brachiocephalic veins fuse together?
The superior vena cava
58
What does the internal jugular vein drain?
It is the major vein draining the head and neck | It receives blood from the brain and other structures in the cranial cavity
59
Where do the veins carrying blood from the hard and soft palate drain to?
1. Into the pterygoid venous plexus in the infratemporal fossa 2. Into a network of veins associated with the palatine tonsil.
60
Where is the pterygoid venous plexus of veins found?
the lateral pterygoid muscle
61
What does the pterygoid venous plexus of veins drain?
1. The superficial structures of the face via the facial vein 2. The orbit 3. The palate 4. The cranial cavity
62
Where does the pterygoid venous plexus of veins eventually drain into?
The maxillary vein
63
Why is the pterygoid venous plexus of veins important?
It effectively links so many areas together
64
What problems are associated with pimple popping?
If you squeeze a spot and it ruptures into the facial vein or one if its tributaries the infected pus can pass into the pterygoid plexus and then into the cranial cavity. . This can cause all sorts of problems such as cavernous sinus thrombosis and meningitis
65
Why can infections spread between veins inside the cranial cavity?
Due to communication between the facial vein and the veins inside the cranial cavity via the pterygoid venous plexus
66
What can happen if you insert your needle into the pterygoid plexus?
Can result in the introduction of anaesthetic solution or infectious material into the venous system, Also the production of a visible haematoma on the side of the patient’s face.
67
Where do the The veins accompanying the anterior superior alveolar artery's drain into?
The facial vein via the mental foramen
68
Where do the The veins accompanying the posterior superior alveolar artery's drain into?
The pterygoid venous plexus via the mandibular foramen
69
Where do the ,amdibular teeth drain into?
a series of small vessels called the inferior alveolar veins
70
Where does the main facial vein run?
main facial vein runs down the face from the medial aspect of the orbit Lies posteriorly to the facial artery
71
Where does the facial vein ultimately drain into?
The internal jugular vein
72
The carotid artery supplies what?
It is the main blood supply to the head and neck
73
Which artery supplies the brain?
Internal common carotid
74
Which vein communicates closely with the pterygoid plexus of veins?
The deep facial vein
75
What does the lingual artery supply?
Supplies the tongue and floor of the mouth
76
What supplies the anteroinferior part of the nasal cavity?
The greater palatine nerve which is a branch of the maxillary nerve
77
What Contributes to the blood supply of the soft palate?
The lesser palatine artery which is a branch of the maxilaary artery
78
What does the auditory tube allow for?
Pressure equalisation
79
What helps supply blood to the chin?
The mental branch of the maxillary nerve
80
What supplies the maxillary gingivae?
Branches of the posterior superior alveolar artery which itself is a branch of the maxillary artery
81
What artery supplies the soft palate and the upper part of the pharynx as well as the tonsil and auditory tube?
The ascending palatine artery which is a branch of the facial artery
82
What connects the middle ear cavity to the nasopharynx?
The auditory tube
83
What are the anterior teeth and maxillary sinus supplied by?
The anterior superior alveolar arteries
84
Where does branching of the palatine arteries occur
In the palatine canal to give the greater and lesser palatine arteries
85
Which artery supplies the upper lip?
The superior labial artery which is a branch of the facial nerve
86
Which vein is associated with the mental foramen?
The facial vein
87
What supplies blood to the mandibular teeth?
The inferior alveolar nerve and its incisive branches
88
Which artery supplies the nasal cavity?
The sphenopalatine artery
89
Which artery supplies all of the hard palatine mucosa and palatine gingive?
The greater palatine nerve which is a branch of the maxillary nerve
90
What forms the brachiocephalic veins?
The fusing of the internal jugular veins with the subclavian veins
91
The deep and dorsal lingual nerves drain what?
The tongue
92
The deep facial vein communicates closely with what?
The pterygoid plexus of veins
93
Which veins are associated with the mandibular foramen?
The pterygoid venous plexus
94
Which artery supplies the superficial structures to the face?
Facial artery
95
Which artery supplies the tongue and floor of the mouth?
Lingual artery
96
Which artery supplies the soft palate?
Brandie branches from the lingual, facial and maxillary arteries.
97
Which artery supplies the hard palate?
greater palatine artery, a branch of the maxillary artery.
98
Which artery supplies the lower teeth?
Inferior Alveolar artery and it’s incisive branch | Branches of a the maxillary artery
99
Which artery supplies the upper teeth?
posterior and anterior superior alveolar arteries.

1ST YR - APM- Anatomy e lets (4 decks)

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