Vasculature Flashcards
What do each of the following supply:
a) brachiocephalic trunk
b) left subclavian artery
c) left common carotid artery
a) supplies upper right limb, and head and neck
b) supplies left upper limb
c) supplies left head and neck
What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?
- right common carotid artery
- right subclavian artery
What splits the subclavian artery up?
Explain the parts of the subclavian artery:
The subclavian artery is split into 3 parts, by the positioning of the scalenus anterior muscle.
- Lies medial to muscle
- Part of artery behind the muscle
- Lateral to muscle and on top of rib 1
Name the branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery and which part they supply:
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-
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Which branch of the trunk is important and what does it supply?
- Vertebral artery: travels up neck via transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae, entering cranial cavity via foramen magnum. Forms part of the blood supply to the brain (posterior part)
- Thyrocervical trunk: arterial supply to the thyroid and the neck, has many branches
- Internal thoracic artery: descends inferiorly on either side of sternum, giving off anterior intercostal artery which supplies anterior part of each intercostal space
- Inferior thyroid artery is an important branch of the thyrocervical trunk: supplies thyroid gland
What arteries supply the thyroid gland?
What are these arteries branches of?
The superior and inferior thyroid arteries supply the thyroid.
Superior thyroid artery is a branch of the external carotid artery
Inferior thyroid artery is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, which is a branch of the 1st part of he subclavian artery
Name the branches of the common carotid artery and their location in terms of the carotid shealth:
- Common carotid artery is contained within the carotid sheath
- Internal carotid artery (in carotid shealth)
- External carotid artery (leaves carotid sheath)
Name the arteries which supply the brain
Which part of the brain do they supply?
Where do they enter the cranial cavity?
What is the blood supply at the base of the brain refered to as?
- Vertebral artery - posterior part of brain
- Common carotid artery, specifically internal carotid artery - anterior and middle part of brain
- Vertebral enters cranial cavity via foramen magnum
- Internal carotid enters cranial cavity via carotid canal
Blood supply at the base of the brain is called the circle of Willis
Give a brief description of the:
a) carotid body
b) carotid sinus
What is the main difference between these carotid structures?
a) Carotid body: peripheral chemoreceptor responsible for monitoring chemical composition within arterial blood, supplied by CN XI glossopharyngeal nerve
b) Carotid sinus: contains baroreceptors for monitoring arterial blood pressure
Carotid body is a chemoreceptor, whereas the carotid sinus contains baroreceptors
At what level does the common carotid artery bifurcate?
Bifurcates at level of superior border of thyroid cartilage/hyoid bone
Name the 8 branches of the external carotid artery (in order)
- Superior thyroid - supplies thyroid gland
- Ascending pharyngeal - supplies pharynx
- Lingual - supplies tongue
- Facial - supplies majority of soft tissues on face, very wiggly
- Occipital - supplies soft tissues in occipital region of scalp
- Posterior auricular - supplies behind ear
- Maxillary - deep to infratemporal fossa, supplies dentition
- Superficial temporal - lateral aspect of skull
What is the acronym to remember the branches of the external carotid artery
- Some
- Anatomists
- Like
- Fries
- Others
- Prefer
- Mashed
- Spuds
What is the arterial blood supply to the lower dentition?
The inferior alveolar artery which is a branch of the first part of the maxillary artery, supplies the lower dentition
What is the retromandibular vein formed from?
What is unusual about this vein?
The retromandibular vein is formed from the superficial temporal vein and the maxillary vein.
The retromandibular vein branches into anterior and posterior, however veins do not usually branch.
What veins give rise to the external jugular vein?
Where is the external jugular vein located?
Where does the external jugular vein drain?
The external jugular vein if formed from the posterior branch of retromandibular vein coming together with the posterior auricular vein.
The external jugular vein overlies the sternocleidomastoid muscle and is visible in the neck.
The external jugular vein drains its contents into the subclavian vein.
What is the common facial vein made up from?
Name a feature of the common facial vein:
The facial vein and anterior branch of retromandibular vein give rise to the common facial vein.
Superficial veins drain into the common facial vein which drains into the internal jugular vein.
Explain how cavernous sinus thrombosis may occur:
Superficial facial vein can carry infection from danger triangle of face into cranial cavity via facial vein, communicating with the opthalmic vein which will then drain blood into the cavernous sinus and infection enters the dural venous sinuses resulting in cavernous sinus thrombosis.
The infection can occur from an infected spot or cut in the danger zone.
What is the brachiocephalic vein made up of?
What happens when the two brachiocephalic veins join together?
- formed from the internal jugular vein and subclavian vein
- they form the superior vena cava, which drains into the right atrium of the heart
What is bacterial endocarditis?
What can bacterial endocarditis lead to?
- infection of the endocardium (inner lining of heart and includes the valves)
Can lead to:
- heart valve damage
–> heart murmur
—-> heart failure
