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M3: Anatomy > Floor of the Mouth and Tongue > Flashcards

Floor of the Mouth and Tongue Flashcards

1
Q

Name the boundaries of the oral cavity:

A

Anterior - alveolar bone of dental arches of mandible and maxilla

Posterior - oropharyngeal ishthmus (space between oral cavity and oropharynx behind

Roof - hard and soft palate

Floor - tongue, muscles of FOM

Lateral borders - buccinator

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2
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4
Q

What type of epithelium lines the red areas?

A
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5
Q
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6
Q

What brings together the left and right mylohyoid muscles?

A
  • the midline raphe stitches the right and left mylohyoid together
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7
Q
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8
Q

Explain the relationship between submandibular duct and lingual nerve:

A
  • a crossing over of these structures, the duct passes over the top of the lingual nerve
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9
Q

What is the nerve supply to anterior belly of digastric?

What are the attachment points of the mylohyoid?

Where is sublingual gland found?

Name the supply and function of geniohyoid:

What are the attachment points of geniohyoid?

A
  • CN V3, nerve to mylohyoid
  • mylohyoid attaches to hyoid bone and mylohyoid line on mandible
  • sublingual gland is deep to mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid supplied by C1 of hypoglossal nerve - movement of tongue and hyoid during swallowing
  • geniohyoid attaches from inferior mental spines/genial tubercles, extending back to hyoid
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10
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11
Q

Explain the parasympathetic secretomotor nerve supply to submandibular and sublingual glands:

A
  • from facial nerve CN VII –> branch of CN VII, chorda tympani

Chorda tympani carries presynaptic parasympathetic fibres to submandibular ganglion, synapse occurs, where post synaptic nerve fibres are carried to sublingual and submandibular glands

  • chorda tympani also conveys special sensory fibres from the anterior 2/3rds of tongue back towards CNS
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12
Q

List the functions of the tongue:

A
  • formation of a food bolus
  • pushing food bolus to posterior part of oral cavity ready to be swallowed
  • keeping mouth clean
  • speech
  • tasting and sensing food
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13
Q

What divides the tongue into anterior and posterior parts?

What is present on the middle of this division?

What supplies posterior 1/3rd of tongue?

Any features to be aware of in posterior 1/3rd?

What supplies anterior tongue?

A
  • terminal sulcus
  • foramen caecum: formed by descent of thyroid gland down through tongue during embryological development
  • general sensation and taste both supplied by CN IX
  • lingual tonsil under mucosa
  • general sensation by CN V3 (lingual nerve)
  • taste sensation by CN VII (via lingual nerve to chorda tympani)
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14
Q

Name the papillae on the tongue and their supply:

A
  • Circumvallate: CN IX (exception as in anterior 2/3rds)
  • Foliate: CN VII
  • Fungiform: CN VII
  • Filiform: touch, movement, CN V3
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15
Q

Describe the path of the hypoglossal nerve:

A
  • passes between internal carotid artery and internal jugular vein, lying on surface of carotid sheath, passes deep to posterior belly of digastric, into submandibular region –> lateral to hyoglossus muscle, deep to mylohyoid in order to reach the tongue muscles
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16
Q

What groups of muscles are the tongue composed of?

A
  • intrinsic: originate and insert within tongue
  • extrinsic: originate outwith tongue and insert onto it

Tongue is a mass of skeletal muscle covered by mucosa

17
Q

What is the purpose of intrinsic muscles of the tongue and their types?

A
  • act to alter the shape of the tongue

Longitudinal: make tongue short and thick

Transverse and vertical: make tongue long and narrow

18
Q

Name the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and their attachment points:

Which nerve supplies the tongue muscles? Are there any exceptions?

A
  • palatoglossus: arises on soft palate and inserts onto side of tongue
  • styloglossus: arises on styloid process
  • genioglossus: main tongue muscle, arises from genial tubercles, controls sticking tongue out
  • hyoglossus: arises from hyoid bone

All tongue muscles supplied by CN XII except palatoglossus (CN X) as it is a muscle of the palate

19
Q
A
20
Q

How can you clinically test the hypoglossal nerve?

A
  • ask patient to stick tongue straight out
  • if both CN XII are normal, the tongue tip should stick out and remain in the midline
  • if one CN XII is damaged, the tongue tip will point towards side of injured nerve e.g. if right nerve is damaged, tongue will point to right side
21
Q

List the functions of the oral cavity:

A

Preparation of a food bolus for swallowing:

  • mastication
  • saliva
  • the tongue

Defence against ingestion of toxins/infection:

  • tonsils
  • special sense of taste

Speech:

  • oral and nasal sounds (soft palate)
  • articulation (tongue/lips)

M3: Anatomy (7 decks)

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