Vasculature Flashcards
What are the branches of the internal carotid artery in the skull?
Opthalamic artery, posterior communicating artery, arterialchoroidal artery, anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery
What is A?
Anterior communicating artery
What is B?
Anterior cerebral artery
What is C?
Middle cerebral artery
What is D?
Posterior communicating artery
What is E?
Posterior cerebral artery
What is F?
Superior cerebellar artery
What is G?
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
What is H?
Vertebral artery
What is I?
Basilar artery
What is J?
Internal carotid artery
What are the branches of the anterior cerebral artery?
Medial orbitofrontal artery, frontopolar artery, callosomarginal artery, pericallosal artery, paracentral artery, precuneal artery
What are the branches of the middle cerebral artery?
M1 branches
M2 superior: central artery, precentral artery, ascending frontal artery
M2 inferior: posterior temporal artery, angular artery, posterior parietal artery, anterior parietal artery
What are perforator arteries?
Small arteries off of the middle cerebral artery that perfuse the cortex
What is A?
Cortical veins
What is B?
Superior sagittal sinus
What is C?
Falx cerebri
What is D?
Straight sinuses
What is E?
Torcular herophili (confluence of sinuses)
What is A?
Transverse sinus
What is B?
Sigmoid sinus
What is C?
Tentorium cerebelli
What is D?
Torcular herophili
What is E?
Occipital sinus
What is 1?
Inferior sagittal sinus
What is 2?
Internal cerebral vein
What is 3?
Great cerebral vein (of Galen)
What is 4?
Basal vein of Rosenthal
What is 5?
Superior vermian vein
What is 6?
Straight sinus
What are the major nerves and vessels passing through the cavernous sinus?
Nerves: III, IV, V1, V2, VI
Vessels: internal carotid artery
What are the symptoms of an anterior cerebral artery infarction?
- contralateral weakness/numbness (leg greater than arm because more medial in homunculus)
- dyspraxia
- speech preserved (but slow)
- abulia/withdrawn
- urinary incontinence
What are the symptoms of middle cerebral artery occlusion of the dominant hemisphere?
- contralateral weakness/numbness in arm and face (greater than leg - more lateral lesion)
- contralateral hemianopsia
- gaze preference
- aphasia
- dysarthria
What are the symptoms of a middle cerebral artery occlusion in the nondominat hemisphere?
- contralateral weakness/numbness in arm and face (greater than leg)
- constructional apraxia, dysprosdia
- dysarthria
- inattention, neglect, or extinction
- gaze preference
What are the symptoms of posterior cerebral artery infarct?
- contralateral visual field loss
- dyschromotopsia
- visual spatial problems
- minimal motor or sensory changes
What are the symptoms of vertebrobasilar syndrome?
- affects posterior circulation that supplies brainstem, cerebellum, and visual cortex*
- dizziness, vertigo, diplopia, dysphagia, ataxia, cranial nerve palsies, bilateral limb weakness
- HALLMARK: crossed neurological deficits - ipsilateral CN deficits with contralateral motor weakness
What are the symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome?
Ipsilateral loss of facial pain and temperature with contralateral loss of these senses over the body
- gait and limb ataxia
- partial ipsilateral loss of CN V, IX, X, and XI
- ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome (sympathetic loss)
What are the symptoms of basilar artery occlusion?
- severe quadriplegia
- coma
- locked-in-syndrome
What are the symptoms of borderzone infarcts?
- “man in a barrel” syndrome (proximal arm segments don’t work)
- tetraparesis
What are the symptoms of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis?
- parasagittal venous infarction
- increased intracranial pressure (headaches, papilledema, lethargy)
- seizures
Which of the following is not a normal variant?
a) fetal PCA
b) azygous ACA
c) redundant (accessory) MCA
d) cavernous sinus fistula
e) persistent trigeminal artery
d) cavernous sinus fistula
What structure does NOT reside within the cavernous sinus?
a) internal carotid artery
b) mandibularnerve (V3)
c) oculomotor nerve (III)
d) trochlear nerve (IV)
e) ophthalmic nerve (V1)
f) maxillary nerve (V2)
g) abducens
b) mandibularnerve (V3)
Name the first intradural branch of the ICA?
a) lingual artery
b) anterior cerebral artery
c) middle cerebral artery
d) ophthalmic artery
e) posterior cerebral artery
d) ophthalmic artery
