Vasculature

Question 1

What are the branches of the internal carotid artery in the skull?

Answer 1

Opthalamic artery, posterior communicating artery, arterialchoroidal artery, anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery

Question 2

What is A?

Answer 2

Anterior communicating artery

Question 3

What is B?

Answer 3

Anterior cerebral artery

Question 4

What is C?

Answer 4

Middle cerebral artery

Question 5

What is D?

Answer 5

Posterior communicating artery

Question 6

What is E?

Answer 6

Posterior cerebral artery

Question 7

What is F?

Answer 7

Superior cerebellar artery

Question 8

What is G?

Answer 8

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)

Question 9

What is H?

Answer 9

Vertebral artery

Question 10

What is I?

Answer 10

Basilar artery

Question 11

What is J?

Answer 11

Internal carotid artery

Question 12

What are the branches of the anterior cerebral artery?

Answer 12

Medial orbitofrontal artery, frontopolar artery, callosomarginal artery, pericallosal artery, paracentral artery, precuneal artery

Question 13

What are the branches of the middle cerebral artery?

Answer 13

M1 branches

M2 superior: central artery, precentral artery, ascending frontal artery

M2 inferior: posterior temporal artery, angular artery, posterior parietal artery, anterior parietal artery

Question 14

What are perforator arteries?

Answer 14

Small arteries off of the middle cerebral artery that perfuse the cortex

Question 15

What is A?

Answer 15

Cortical veins

Question 16

What is B?

Answer 16

Superior sagittal sinus

Question 17

What is C?

Answer 17

Falx cerebri

Question 18

What is D?

Answer 18

Straight sinuses

Question 19

What is E?

Answer 19

Torcular herophili (confluence of sinuses)

Question 20

What is A?

Answer 20

Transverse sinus

Question 21

What is B?

Answer 21

Sigmoid sinus

Question 22

What is C?

Answer 22

Tentorium cerebelli

Question 23

What is D?

Answer 23

Torcular herophili

Question 24

What is E?

Answer 24

Occipital sinus

Question 25

What is 1?

Answer 25

Inferior sagittal sinus

Question 26

What is 2?

Answer 26

Internal cerebral vein

Question 27

What is 3?

Answer 27

Great cerebral vein (of Galen)

Question 28

What is 4?

Answer 28

Basal vein of Rosenthal

Question 29

What is 5?

Answer 29

Superior vermian vein

Question 30

What is 6?

Answer 30

Straight sinus

Question 31

What are the major nerves and vessels passing through the cavernous sinus?

Answer 31

Nerves: III, IV, V1, V2, VI

Vessels: internal carotid artery

Question 32

What are the symptoms of an anterior cerebral artery infarction?

Answer 32

• contralateral weakness/numbness (leg greater than arm because more medial in homunculus)
• dyspraxia
• speech preserved (but slow)
• abulia/withdrawn
• urinary incontinence

Question 33

What are the symptoms of middle cerebral artery occlusion of the dominant hemisphere?

Answer 33

• contralateral weakness/numbness in arm and face (greater than leg - more lateral lesion)
• contralateral hemianopsia
• gaze preference
• aphasia
• dysarthria

Question 34

What are the symptoms of a middle cerebral artery occlusion in the nondominat hemisphere?

Answer 34

• contralateral weakness/numbness in arm and face (greater than leg)
• constructional apraxia, dysprosdia
• dysarthria
• inattention, neglect, or extinction
• gaze preference

Question 35

What are the symptoms of posterior cerebral artery infarct?

Answer 35

• contralateral visual field loss
• dyschromotopsia
• visual spatial problems
• minimal motor or sensory changes

Question 36

What are the symptoms of vertebrobasilar syndrome?

Answer 36

• affects posterior circulation that supplies brainstem, cerebellum, and visual cortex*
• dizziness, vertigo, diplopia, dysphagia, ataxia, cranial nerve palsies, bilateral limb weakness
• HALLMARK: crossed neurological deficits - ipsilateral CN deficits with contralateral motor weakness

Question 37

What are the symptoms of lateral medullary syndrome?

Answer 37

Ipsilateral loss of facial pain and temperature with contralateral loss of these senses over the body

• gait and limb ataxia
• partial ipsilateral loss of CN V, IX, X, and XI
• ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome (sympathetic loss)

Question 38

What are the symptoms of basilar artery occlusion?

Answer 38

• severe quadriplegia
• coma
• locked-in-syndrome

Question 39

What are the symptoms of borderzone infarcts?

Answer 39

• “man in a barrel” syndrome (proximal arm segments don’t work)
• tetraparesis

Question 40

What are the symptoms of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis?

Answer 40

• parasagittal venous infarction
• increased intracranial pressure (headaches, papilledema, lethargy)
• seizures

Question 41

Which of the following is not a normal variant?

a) fetal PCA
b) azygous ACA
c) redundant (accessory) MCA
d) cavernous sinus fistula
e) persistent trigeminal artery

Answer 41

d) cavernous sinus fistula

Question 42

What structure does NOT reside within the cavernous sinus?

a) internal carotid artery
b) mandibularnerve (V3)
c) oculomotor nerve (III)
d) trochlear nerve (IV)
e) ophthalmic nerve (V1)
f) maxillary nerve (V2)
g) abducens

Answer 42

b) mandibularnerve (V3)

Question 43

Name the first intradural branch of the ICA?

a) lingual artery
b) anterior cerebral artery
c) middle cerebral artery
d) ophthalmic artery
e) posterior cerebral artery

Answer 43

d) ophthalmic artery