Vascular system

Question 1

Artery

Answer 1

is the component of the vascular system that arises from the heart, carrying blood away from it.

Question 2

vein

Answer 2

travels to the heart and carries oxygen poor blood

Question 3

Valves

Answer 3

prevent backflow in the veins
mostly absent in head & neck area, unlike in the rest of the body
Lack of valves means infections can spread more easily

Question 4

Anastomosis

Answer 4

connection between vessels

Question 5

Plexus

Answer 5

large network of blood vessels in a certain area

Question 6

Venous sinus

Answer 6

blood-filled space between two layers of tissue

Question 7

Pathway from Aorta to Head & neck (Left Side)

Answer 7

Common carotid & subclavian arteries arise directly & separately from the aorta

Question 8

Pathway from Aorta to Head & neck (Right Side)

Answer 8

Brachiocephalic artery branches directly from Aorta

Common carotid & subclavian arteries are both branches off of the brachiocephalic artery.

Question 9

Subclavian Artery

Answer 9

Gives rise to branches that supply both intracranial & extracranial structure, but its major destination is the upper arm

Question 10

Common carotid artery

Answer 10

divides into the external carotid & internal carotid arteries at about level of the larynx.

Question 11

Common carotid artery splits into

Answer 11

Internal Carotid Artery

External Carotid Artery

Question 12

Internal Carotid Artery

Answer 12

Travels superiorly & supplies intracranial structures

Is source of the ophthalmic artery, which supplies the eye, orbit, and lacrimal gland.

Question 13

External Carotid Artery

Answer 13

Travels superiorly to supply extracranial tissue of head & neck including oral cavity.
Has four branches:
Anterior, medial, posterior, terminal

Question 14

Superior thyroid artery

Answer 14

supplies tissue inferior to hyoid bone

Question 15

Ascending palatine artery

Answer 15

supplies soft palate, palatine muscles, palatine tonsils

Question 16

Submental artery

Answer 16

supplies the submandibular lymph nodes, submandibular salivary gland, mylohyoid and digastric muscles

Question 17

Inferior labial artery

Answer 17

supplies lower lip tissue and some muscles of facial expression

Question 18

Superior labial artery

Answer 18

supplies upper lip

Question 19

Angular artery

Answer 19

terminal branch of facial artery; supplies the side of the nose

Question 20

Medial branch of external carotid artery

Answer 20

Only one medial branch, the ascending pharyngeal artery.

Question 21

Occipital artery:

Answer 21

(One of two posterior branches of external carotid artery) supplies the suprahyoid muscle and SCM, scalp, meningeal tissue

Question 22

Posterior auricular artery

Answer 22

(One of two posterior branches of external carotid artery)

supplies the inner ear and mastoid air cells

Question 23

Terminal branches of external carotid artery

Answer 23

Two terminal branches:
superficial temporal
maxillary artery

Question 24

Superficial temporal artery

Answer 24

arises within the parotid gland; smaller branch

Question 25

Maxillary artery

Answer 25

larger branch; Multiple branches within the infratemporal & pterygopalatine fossae Branches near the muscles they supply

Question 26

Inferior alveolar artery:

Answer 26

Enters mandibular canal by way of mandibular foramen | Supplies blood to floor of mouth, mandibular teeth, mental region

Question 27

Incisive artery

Answer 27

Branch of inferior alveolar artery; travels in mandibular canal Supplies blood to pulp & periodontium of anterior mandibular teeth

Question 28

Mental artery:

Answer 28

Branch of inferior alveolar artery; exits mandibular canal by way of mental foramen Supplies blood to chin & anastomoses with inferior labial artery

Question 29

Mylohyoid artery

Answer 29

Branch of inferior alveolar artery; passes through mandibular foramen to the mandibular canal Supplies blood to floor of the mouth & mylohyoid muscle

Question 30

Anterior superior alveolar artery (ASA artery)

Answer 30

Branches from infraorbital artery; anastomoses with the posterior superior alveolar artery Supplies blood to pulp & periodontium of maxillary anterior teeth

Question 31

Posterior superior alveolar artery (PSA artery)

Answer 31

Supplies blood to pulp & periodontium of maxillary posterior teeth Joins with anastomoses of ASA artery

Question 32

Greater & Lesser Palatine arteries

Answer 32

Pass through the greater & lesser palatine foramina to supply blood to the hard and soft palates.

Question 33

Middle meningeal artery

Answer 33

Supplies blood to bones of the skull and meninges of brain

Question 34

Maxillary vein

Answer 34

Drains the pterygoid plexus, which drains the veins from the area served by maxillary artery

Question 35

Superficial temporal

Answer 35

Drains skin of scalp Can sometimes be noted during EOE

Question 36

Retromandibular vein

Answer 36

Formed by merger of Superficial temporal & Maxillary vein Splits into 2 branches: Anterior & Posterior Anterior drains into Facial Vein Posterior continues on to become Ext Jugular vein

Question 37

Facial vein

Answer 37

Drains veins from corner & orbit of the eye Communicates with cavernous venous sinus Drains veins of lip & chin region Drains into internal jugular vein

Question 38

Pterygoid plexus of veins

Answer 38

Collection of vessels that form anastomoses with the retromandibular and facial veins Drains into maxillary vein Can be involved in the spread of dental infections Can be pierced during administration of local anesthesia

Question 39

External jugular vein

Answer 39

drains the more superficial areas of the cranium

Question 40

Internal jugular vein

Answer 40

drains the brain and most of the facial area

Question 41

atherosclerosis

Answer 41

This can be by a buildup of fatty arterial plaque, which consists of mainly cholesterol, as well as calcium, clotting proteins, and other substances, resulting in

Question 42

thrombus

Answer 42

lesions is a clot(s) or thrombus (plural, thrombi) that forms on the inner vessel wall

Question 43

Embolus

Answer 43

A thrombus (or thrombi) may dislodge from the inner vessel wall and travel as an embolus (plural, emboli).