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Head and Neck Anatomy > Vascular system > Flashcards

Vascular system Flashcards

1
Q

Artery

A

is the component of the vascular system that arises from the heart, carrying blood away from it.

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2
Q

vein

A

travels to the heart and carries oxygen poor blood

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3
Q

Valves

A

prevent backflow in the veins
mostly absent in head & neck area, unlike in the rest of the body
Lack of valves means infections can spread more easily

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4
Q

Anastomosis

A

connection between vessels

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5
Q

Plexus

A

large network of blood vessels in a certain area

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6
Q

Venous sinus

A

blood-filled space between two layers of tissue

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7
Q

Pathway from Aorta to Head & neck (Left Side)

A

Common carotid & subclavian arteries arise directly & separately from the aorta

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8
Q

Pathway from Aorta to Head & neck (Right Side)

A

Brachiocephalic artery branches directly from Aorta

Common carotid & subclavian arteries are both branches off of the brachiocephalic artery.

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9
Q

Subclavian Artery

A

Gives rise to branches that supply both intracranial & extracranial structure, but its major destination is the upper arm

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10
Q

Common carotid artery

A

divides into the external carotid & internal carotid arteries at about level of the larynx.

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11
Q

Common carotid artery splits into

A

Internal Carotid Artery

External Carotid Artery

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12
Q

Internal Carotid Artery

A

Travels superiorly & supplies intracranial structures

Is source of the ophthalmic artery, which supplies the eye, orbit, and lacrimal gland.

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13
Q

External Carotid Artery

A

Travels superiorly to supply extracranial tissue of head & neck including oral cavity.
Has four branches:
Anterior, medial, posterior, terminal

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14
Q

Superior thyroid artery

A

supplies tissue inferior to hyoid bone

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15
Q

Ascending palatine artery

A

supplies soft palate, palatine muscles, palatine tonsils

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16
Q

Submental artery

A

supplies the submandibular lymph nodes, submandibular salivary gland, mylohyoid and digastric muscles

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17
Q

Inferior labial artery

A

supplies lower lip tissue and some muscles of facial expression

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18
Q

Superior labial artery

A

supplies upper lip

19
Q

Angular artery

A

terminal branch of facial artery; supplies the side of the nose

20
Q

Medial branch of external carotid artery

A

Only one medial branch, the ascending pharyngeal artery.

21
Q

Occipital artery:

A

(One of two posterior branches of external carotid artery) supplies the suprahyoid muscle and SCM, scalp, meningeal tissue

22
Q

Posterior auricular artery

A

(One of two posterior branches of external carotid artery)

supplies the inner ear and mastoid air cells

23
Q

Terminal branches of external carotid artery

A

Two terminal branches:
superficial temporal
maxillary artery

24
Q

Superficial temporal artery

A

arises within the parotid gland; smaller branch

25
Q

Maxillary artery

A

larger branch;
Multiple branches within the infratemporal & pterygopalatine fossae
Branches near the muscles they supply

26
Q

Inferior alveolar artery:

A

Enters mandibular canal by way of mandibular foramen

Supplies blood to floor of mouth, mandibular teeth, mental region

27
Q

Incisive artery

A

Branch of inferior alveolar artery; travels in mandibular canal
Supplies blood to pulp & periodontium of anterior mandibular teeth

28
Q

Mental artery:

A

Branch of inferior alveolar artery; exits mandibular canal by way of mental foramen
Supplies blood to chin & anastomoses with inferior labial artery

29
Q

Mylohyoid artery

A

Branch of inferior alveolar artery; passes through mandibular foramen to the mandibular canal
Supplies blood to floor of the mouth & mylohyoid muscle

30
Q

Anterior superior alveolar artery (ASA artery)

A

Branches from infraorbital artery; anastomoses with the posterior superior alveolar artery
Supplies blood to pulp & periodontium of maxillary anterior teeth

31
Q

Posterior superior alveolar artery (PSA artery)

A

Supplies blood to pulp & periodontium of maxillary posterior teeth
Joins with anastomoses of ASA artery

32
Q

Greater & Lesser Palatine arteries

A

Pass through the greater & lesser palatine foramina to supply blood to the hard and soft palates.

33
Q

Middle meningeal artery

A

Supplies blood to bones of the skull and meninges of brain

34
Q

Maxillary vein

A

Drains the pterygoid plexus, which drains the veins from the area served by maxillary artery

35
Q

Superficial temporal

A

Drains skin of scalp
Can sometimes be
noted during EOE

36
Q

Retromandibular vein

A

Formed by merger of Superficial temporal & Maxillary vein
Splits into 2 branches: Anterior & Posterior
Anterior drains into Facial Vein
Posterior continues on to become Ext Jugular vein

37
Q

Facial vein

A

Drains veins from corner & orbit of the eye
Communicates with cavernous venous sinus
Drains veins of lip & chin region
Drains into internal jugular vein

38
Q

Pterygoid plexus of veins

A

Collection of vessels that form anastomoses with the retromandibular and facial veins
Drains into maxillary vein Can be involved in the spread of dental infections
Can be pierced during administration of local anesthesia

39
Q

External jugular vein

A

drains the more superficial areas of the cranium

40
Q

Internal jugular vein

A

drains the brain and most of the facial area

41
Q

atherosclerosis

A

This can be by a buildup of fatty arterial plaque, which consists of mainly cholesterol, as well as calcium, clotting proteins, and other substances, resulting in

42
Q

thrombus

A

lesions is a clot(s) or thrombus (plural, thrombi) that forms on the inner vessel wall

43
Q

Embolus

A

A thrombus (or thrombi) may dislodge from the inner vessel wall and travel as an embolus (plural, emboli).

Head and Neck Anatomy (4 decks)

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