VASCULAR SYSTEM

Question 1

What are the three layers of blood
vessel?

Answer 1

Vascular intima (inner layer)
Vascular media (middle layer)
Vascular adventitia (outer layer)

Question 2

provides interface between circulating blood throughout the body

Answer 2

Vascular intima (inner layer)

Question 3

its endothelial surface is usually inert to platelets and coagulation (termed as non-thrombogenic surface

Answer 3

Vascular Intima

Question 4

● if the lining is disrupted, the injured vessel and its adjacent
vessel constricts (vasoconstriction)
● the innermost lining of blood vessels is a monolayer of
metabolically active endothelial cells (ECs)

Answer 4

Vascular Intima

Question 5

-Platelet inhibitor
-Vasodilator
-Synthesized through the eicosanoid pathway

Answer 5

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

Question 6

-Induces smooth muscle relaxation (vasodilation)
-Inhibits platelet activation
-Promotes angiogenesis
-Synthesized in ECs, vascular smooth muscle
cells, neutrophils, and macrophages

Answer 6

Nitric Oxide

Question 7

Controls activation of the Tissue factor pathway .Limits the activation of the TF:VIIa:Xa complex

Answer 7

Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor

Question 8

Facilitated by the endothelial
protein C receptor (EPCR). Serves as a cofactor in protein C activation when bound to thrombin

Answer 8

Thrombomodulin

Question 9

A glycosaminoglycan that enhances the
activity of antithrombin

Answer 9

Heparan sulfate

Question 10

Induced by a harmful local stimulus (mechanical or chemical)

Answer 10

Vasoconstriction

Question 11

● Produced by fibroblasts
● Binds and activates platelets

Answer 11

Collagen

Question 12

Secreted by endothelial cells from its storage site called ?

Answer 12

Weibel-Palade bodies

Question 13

-Primarily binds to platelet membrane receptor GPIb to promote adhesion
-Functions as a carrier to factor VIII

Answer 13

von Willebrand factor

Question 14

Secreted from ECs. Serves an important function as it cleaves large vWF multimers into shorter chains that support normal platelet
adhesion

Answer 14

ADAMTS-13

Question 15

● Secreted by ECs
● Coats ECs
● An adhesion molecule that promotes platelet and leukocyte-binding

Answer 15

P-selectin

Question 16

● Secreted by ECs
● Are immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules
● Further promotes platelet and leukocyte binding

Answer 16

Intercellular cell adhesion molecules
(ICAMs) and Platelet endothelial cell
adhesion molecules (PECAMs)

Question 17

● Supports the constitutive membrane protein tissue factor
● Disrupted ECs exposes TF in subendothelial cells (activates the coagulation system through contact with factor VII)

Answer 17

Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts

Question 18

White Clot

Answer 18

-Consists of platelet and vWF
-In arteries and arterioles

Question 19

Bulky Red Clot

Answer 19

-Consists of platelets, vWF,
fibrin, and red blood cells
-In veins

Question 20

● During thrombus formation, both TPA and plasminogen
bind to polymerized fibrin
● Activates fibrinolysis by converting plasminogen to plasmin

Answer 20

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Question 21

● A TPA control protein that inhibits plasmin generation and fibrinolysis
● Can slow fibrinolysis
● Increases the tendency for thrombosis

Answer 21

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1

Question 22

● Is activated by thrombin bound to EC membrane thrombomodulin
● Can slow fibrinolysis
● Increases the tendency for thrombosis

Answer 22

Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis
Inhibitor