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HEMATOLOGY 2 > INTRODUCTION AND VASCULAR SYSTEM > Flashcards

INTRODUCTION AND VASCULAR SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Process if there’s an injury:

A
  1. Primary Hemostasis
  2. Secondary Hemostasis
  3. Fibrinolysis
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2
Q

a complex physiologic process that keeps
circulating blood in a fluid state and then, when an injury occurs, produces a clot to stop the bleeding, confines the clot to the site of injury, and finally dissolves the clot as the wound heals

A

HEMOSTASIS

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3
Q

uncontrolled bleeding

A

Hemorrhage

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4
Q

pathologic clotting

A

Thrombosis

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5
Q

Cellular elements of hemostasis

A
  1. cells of the vascular intima
  2. extravascular tissue factor bearing cells
  3. platelets
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6
Q

Plasma components of hemostasis

A

Coagulation proteins
Fibrinolytic proteins

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7
Q

refers to the role of blood vessels and
platelets in the initial response to a
vascular injury or to the commonplace
desquamation of dying or damaged
endothelial cells

A

PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS

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8
Q

describes the activation of a series of
coagulation proteins in the plasma, mostly
serine proteases, to form a fibrin clot

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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9
Q

the final event of hemostasis, the gradual digestion and removal of fibrin
clot as healing occurs

A

Fibrinolysis

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10
Q

Activated by desquamation and small injury to the blood vessels

A

Primary hemostasis

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11
Q

Involves vascular intima and platelets

A

Primary Hemostasis

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12
Q

Rapid, short-lived response

A

Primary Hemostasis

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13
Q

Procoagulants substances exposed or released by damage or activated endothelial cells

A

Primary Hemostasis

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14
Q

The activator, tissue factor is exposed on the cell membrane

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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15
Q

Involves platelets and coagulation system

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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16
Q

Activated by large injuries to blood vessels and surrounding tissues

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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17
Q

Are complex and heterogeneous

A

Endothelial cells

18
Q

Are distributed throughout the body. Display unique structural and functional characteristics

A

Endothelial cells

19
Q

Play essential roles in immune response, vascular permeability, proliferation, and hemostasis. Form a smooth, unbroken surface that eases the fluid passage of
blood

A

Endothelial cells

20
Q

Anticoagulant Properties of Vascular
Intima:

A
  1. Prostacyclin
  2. Nitric oxide
  3. Thrombomodulin
  4. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor
  5. Heparan Sulfate
21
Q

Procoagulant Properties of Vascular
Intima:

A
  1. Vasoconstriction
  2. Collagen
  3. Von Willebrand Factor
  4. ADAMST 13
  5. P-selectin
  6. Intracellular adhesion molecule
  7. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecules
  8. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblast
  9. Tissue factor
22
Q

Fibrinolytic Properties of Vascular
Intima:

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-(PAI-1)
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor
(TAFI)

23
Q

Platelet size:

A

2-4 um

24
Q

shape of the platelets

A

disk-shaped, biconvex/spiky

25
Q

granular and located centrally

A

Chromomere

26
Q

agranular and located in the periphery

A

Hyalomere

27
Q

Primary Hemostasis steps:

A
  1. Platelet Adhesion
  2. Shape Change
  3. Secretion of granules (ADP, TXA2)
  4. Recruitment
  5. Platelet Aggregation
28
Q

Platelet a-granules

A

1.b- thromboglobulin
2. FV
3. FXI
4. Protein S
5. Fibrinogen
6. VWF
7. Platelet factor 4
8. Platelet derived growth factor

29
Q

Platelet Dense Granules

A
  1. ADP
  2. ATP
  3. Serotonin
  4. Calcium
  5. Magnesium
30
Q

Plasma transports at least ____, also called coagulation
factors (synthesized in the liver)

A

16 procoagulant

31
Q

Vitamin K is a quinone found in green leafy vegetables and is produced by the intestinal organisms _____

A

Bacteroides fragilis and
Escherichia coli

32
Q

Two Phases of Coagulation

A

Initiation
Propagation

33
Q

Occurs on tissue-factor bearing cells

A

Initiation

34
Q

Occurring on platelets

A

Propagation

35
Q

Secondary Hemostasis steps :

A
  1. Tissue Factor
  2. Phospholipid complex expression
  3. Thrombin activation
  4. Fibrin Polymerization
36
Q

Ensures that coagulation is localized and is not a systemic response (prevents excessive clotting or thrombosis)

A
  1. Tissue Factor Pathway Inhibitor (TFPI)
  2. Activated Protein C (APC)
  3. Antithombin (AT)
37
Q

The final stage of hemostatic activation. Is the systematic, accelerating hydrolysis of fibrin by plasmin

A

Fibrinolysis

38
Q

binds to the lysine moieties on the fibrin molecule

A

Plasminogen

39
Q

Active form of plasminogen

A

Plasmin

40
Q

Plasminogen Activation

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator (UPA)

41
Q

Control of Fibrinolysis

A

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
Alpha 2- Antiplasmin
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis
Inhibitor (TAFI)

HEMATOLOGY 2 (3 decks)

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