Vascular System Flashcards
What is the Vascular System comprised of?
Heart, veins, veneules, arteries, arterioles, and capillaries
What carries oxygenatied blood?
Arteries
Which Arteries carry deoxygenated blood
Pulmonary Arteries
What carries deoxygenated blood?
Veins
Which Veins carry oxygenated blood
Pulmonary veins
Where do you take blood from?
Veins
Is there a color difference in Oxygenated and Deoxygenated blood?
Yes,
Oxygenated blood is arteries is brighter red while deoxygenated blood in veins is a darker red
Are Arteries or Veins more superficial and why?
Veins (less important)
Types of Peripheral Artery Disease
Thrombotic
Embolic
Plaque Occlusion
What is a Thombotic PAD
Vessel is injured and artery ruptures which will then fill with blood, form clot, and reduce blood flow
What is a Embolic PAD
A piece of blood clot or plaque breaks off and travels through bloodstream and becomes lodged in vessel
Obstructs blood flow and often in heart, lungs, or brain
What is a Plaque Occlusion PAD
Build up of plaque underneath arterial wall reduces blood flow but the arterial wall IS STILL intact
5 P’s
Pain
Pallor
Parethesia
Paralysis
Polkiothermia - cool to touch
What do the 5 P’s refer to?
Symptoms of PAD
Clinical Manifestation of PAD
Often in lower extremity
5 P’s
Claudation
What is claudation
Slow onset of pain with walking that is relieved by standing and not moving
This is because of restriction of blood flow during activity leads to limb cramping and pain
Risk factors of PAD
Family History
Hypertension
High Cholesterol
Smoking
Diabetes
Etiology/ What is PAD
Peripheral Artery Disease
Disease of the circulatory system
Types of Venous Thromboemboli
DVT and PE
DVT can become a PE
DVT
Deep Vein Thrombosis
Blood clot forming in deep vein and often in arm of leg
Manifestations of DVT
Swelling
Tenderness
Pain
Redness
PE
Pulmonary Embolism
Blood clot that travelled from deep vein to smaller lung vessel
PE Manifestations
Difficulty breathing
Irregular and rapid HR
Low BP causing dizziness
Angina that is worse with deep breath or cough
What is CVI
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
When patient has chronic venous return because valves are damaged or venous walls are weakened
CVI Manifestations
Lower Extremity
- Dull aching, heaviness, cramping
- Itching/Tingling
- Pain that subsides with elevation
- Redness, skin color changes
- Swelling
- Varicose veins
-Thickening or hardening of skin
- Ulcers, or slow healing wounds
Raynauds Disease
Disorder of blood vessels
Vasoconstriction or vasospasm when body is cold or stressed
Clinical Manifestation of Raynauds
1) Blue/White during exposure to stimuli
2) Red and tingling when blood return which takes about 15 min
Complications of uncontrolled diabetes
1) Neuropathy
2) Retinopathy
3) Nephropathy
4) Myocardial Infarction
5) CAD, CVA, PVD - amputations
6) Gum Disease and tooth loss
What happens with Uncontrolled Diabetes
Ketoacidosis
What is ketoacidosis
liver metabolizes fat instead of glucose secondary to insulin deficiency
- Ketones are released from fat metabolism
- With bloor or Urine these are poisonous
Complications of Ketoacidosis
Cerebral adema, Cardiac arrest, kidney failure
Type 1 Diabetes
Insulin dependent diabetes
Pancreas does not secrete insulin
Type 2 Diabetes
Pancreas does not secrete enough insulin or body stops responding to insulin
Manifestations of Diabetes Type 2
Darkening or skin on neck or armpits
Hypertention
Hyperlipedemia
Yeast infections or irregular menstration
Manifestations of Diabetes
- Extreme hunger or thirst
- Frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- fatigue and drowsiness
- blurry vision
- Slow healing wounds, sore, or bruises
- Dry/itchy skin
- Tingling or numbness in hands/feet
- Frequent or recurring skin, gum, bladder, or vaginal yeast infections
