Vascular System

Question 1

What is the Vascular System comprised of?

Answer 1

Heart, veins, veneules, arteries, arterioles, and capillaries

Question 2

What carries oxygenatied blood?

Answer 2

Arteries

Question 3

Which Arteries carry deoxygenated blood

Answer 3

Pulmonary Arteries

Question 4

What carries deoxygenated blood?

Answer 4

Veins

Question 5

Which Veins carry oxygenated blood

Answer 5

Pulmonary veins

Question 6

Where do you take blood from?

Answer 6

Veins

Question 7

Is there a color difference in Oxygenated and Deoxygenated blood?

Answer 7

Yes,
Oxygenated blood is arteries is brighter red while deoxygenated blood in veins is a darker red

Question 8

Are Arteries or Veins more superficial and why?

Answer 8

Veins (less important)

Question 9

Types of Peripheral Artery Disease

Answer 9

Thrombotic
Embolic
Plaque Occlusion

Question 10

What is a Thombotic PAD

Answer 10

Vessel is injured and artery ruptures which will then fill with blood, form clot, and reduce blood flow

Question 11

What is a Embolic PAD

Answer 11

A piece of blood clot or plaque breaks off and travels through bloodstream and becomes lodged in vessel
Obstructs blood flow and often in heart, lungs, or brain

Question 12

What is a Plaque Occlusion PAD

Answer 12

Build up of plaque underneath arterial wall reduces blood flow but the arterial wall IS STILL intact

Question 13

5 P’s

Answer 13

Pain
Pallor
Parethesia
Paralysis
Polkiothermia - cool to touch

Question 14

What do the 5 P’s refer to?

Answer 14

Symptoms of PAD

Question 15

Clinical Manifestation of PAD

Answer 15

Often in lower extremity
5 P’s
Claudation

Question 16

What is claudation

Answer 16

Slow onset of pain with walking that is relieved by standing and not moving
This is because of restriction of blood flow during activity leads to limb cramping and pain

Question 17

Risk factors of PAD

Answer 17

Family History
Hypertension
High Cholesterol
Smoking
Diabetes

Question 18

Etiology/ What is PAD

Answer 18

Peripheral Artery Disease
Disease of the circulatory system

Question 19

Types of Venous Thromboemboli

Answer 19

DVT and PE
DVT can become a PE

Question 20

DVT

Answer 20

Deep Vein Thrombosis
Blood clot forming in deep vein and often in arm of leg

Question 21

Manifestations of DVT

Answer 21

Swelling
Tenderness
Pain
Redness

Question 22

PE

Answer 22

Pulmonary Embolism
Blood clot that travelled from deep vein to smaller lung vessel

Question 23

PE Manifestations

Answer 23

Difficulty breathing
Irregular and rapid HR
Low BP causing dizziness
Angina that is worse with deep breath or cough

Question 24

What is CVI

Answer 24

Chronic Venous Insufficiency
When patient has chronic venous return because valves are damaged or venous walls are weakened

Question 25

CVI Manifestations

Answer 25

Lower Extremity - Dull aching, heaviness, cramping - Itching/Tingling - Pain that subsides with elevation - Redness, skin color changes - Swelling - Varicose veins -Thickening or hardening of skin - Ulcers, or slow healing wounds

Question 26

Raynauds Disease

Answer 26

Disorder of blood vessels Vasoconstriction or vasospasm when body is cold or stressed

Question 27

Clinical Manifestation of Raynauds

Answer 27

1) Blue/White during exposure to stimuli 2) Red and tingling when blood return which takes about 15 min

Question 28

Complications of uncontrolled diabetes

Answer 28

1) Neuropathy 2) Retinopathy 3) Nephropathy 4) Myocardial Infarction 5) CAD, CVA, PVD - amputations 6) Gum Disease and tooth loss

Question 29

What happens with Uncontrolled Diabetes

Answer 29

Ketoacidosis

Question 30

What is ketoacidosis

Answer 30

liver metabolizes fat instead of glucose secondary to insulin deficiency - Ketones are released from fat metabolism - With bloor or Urine these are poisonous

Question 31

Complications of Ketoacidosis

Answer 31

Cerebral adema, Cardiac arrest, kidney failure

Question 32

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 32

Insulin dependent diabetes Pancreas does not secrete insulin

Question 33

Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 33

Pancreas does not secrete enough insulin or body stops responding to insulin

Question 34

Manifestations of Diabetes Type 2

Answer 34

Darkening or skin on neck or armpits Hypertention Hyperlipedemia Yeast infections or irregular menstration

Question 35

Manifestations of Diabetes

Answer 35

- Extreme hunger or thirst - Frequent urination - Unexplained weight loss - fatigue and drowsiness - blurry vision - Slow healing wounds, sore, or bruises - Dry/itchy skin - Tingling or numbness in hands/feet - Frequent or recurring skin, gum, bladder, or vaginal yeast infections