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Clinical Conditions - Physical > Pulmonary > Flashcards

Pulmonary Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Low Blood Oxygen Level

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2
Q

Hypercapnea

A

High Blood carbon dioxide level

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3
Q

Dyspnea

A

Breathlessness, the inability to get enough air
Most common reason someone seeks medical treatment
Seen at rest with little to no levels of activity

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4
Q

Causes of Dyspnea

A

Hypoxemia
Anxiety
Exercise/Exertion
Deconditioning
Chronic and acute illness

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5
Q

Diffusion

A

Ability of gas to cross the alveolar capillary membrane

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6
Q

Causes of Hypoxemia

A

Hypoventilation, Diffusion impairment, shunt, ventilation-perfusion inequality, altitude or reduction in PO2, other illnesses or injuries

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7
Q

How does Diffusion Impairment affect Hypoxemia?

A

Impairment of gas exchange at alveolar capillary border
Blood and gas are reaching the taret areas but cannot diffuse

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8
Q

How do Shunts affect Hypoxemia?

A

Pulmonary blood flow is altered and bypasses aerated areas of the lungs
Occurs with ARDS, PDA, and AV malformation

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9
Q

How does Ventilation-Perfusion Inequality affect Hypoxemia?

A

Ventilation and perfusion are unequal throughout the lung in normal conditions

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10
Q

How does Altitude affect Hypoxemia?

A

PaO2 is reduced with a decrease in PO2

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11
Q

What are the categories of COPD

A

Asthma, Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, Brochiectasis, and Cystic Fibrosis,

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12
Q

What is COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Limitation of airflow that is not fully reversible

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13
Q

Biggest Risk Factor for COPD

A

Smoking

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14
Q

Asthma Triggers

A

Environmental exposure, Exercise, cigarette, and stress

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15
Q

What does asthma do?

A

Causes inflammation that causes bronchostriction

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16
Q

Asthma Symptoms

A

Wheeze and Dyspnea, Increased HR and RR, Respiratory distress, extended expiratory phase

17
Q

Asthma Intervention

A

Education and Medication like albuterol

18
Q

What is Emphysema

A

lung condition by abnormally expanded air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole – leads to impaired expiratory airflow

19
Q

Risk factors for Emphysema?

A

Smoking
Others: hereditary, environmental
typically effects older individuals

20
Q

Etiology of Emphysema

A

Inflammation that causes elastin and collagen destruction and so alveolar wall cell death

21
Q

Variations of Emphysema

A

Centriacinar - Bronchioles destroyed
Panacinar - Bronchioles and Alveoli destroyed
Paraseptal - Along periphery at septum leading to risk of pneumothrax

22
Q

Patient presentation for Emphysema

A

Enlargement of terminal bronchioles, dyspnea, decreased activity, accessory muscle use for breathing, flattened diaphragm, active expiration

23
Q

Thresholds for supplemental oxygen

A

PaO2 is equal or less than 55 mmHg or SaO2 is equal or less than 89% at rest, exercise, or sleep

24
Q

What is pulmonary rehabilitation

A

Education and exercise to teach people how to deal with condition and take care of it

25
Q

What is Chronic Bronchitis

A

Inflammation and swelling of airways mucosal lining which leads to narrowing and obstruction

26
Q

How is Chronic Bronchitis diagnoses

A

3 consecutive months of productive cough for two years

27
Q

Cause of Chronic Bronchitis

A

Smoking

28
Q

Patient Presentation for Chronic Bronchitis

A

Cyanosis of skin and lips, chronic sputum production, Dyspnea during exertion and at rest, Blue bloater, Peripheral edema

29
Q

Stage 1 of COPD severity by Spirometry

A

Mild
FEV is greater than or equal to 80% perdicted

30
Q

Stage 2 of COPD severity by Spirometry

A

Moderate
between 50-80% FEV

31
Q

Stage 3 of COPD severity by Spirometry

A

Between 30%-50% predicted FEV

32
Q

Stage 4 of COPD severity by Spirometry

A

FEV is less than 30% or less than %)% with chronic respiratory failure

33
Q

Increased risks for people with COPD

A

Osteoperosis and Myopathy

34
Q

Restrictive Lung Diseases

A

decrease in total air the lungs are able to hold

35
Q

Most common type of Restrictive Lung Disease

A

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Clinical Conditions - Physical (4 decks)

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