Vascular PPT Flashcards
Ascending aorta starts at the _ _ and ends at the _ _ (sternal angle ~ _ or _ rib)
aortic valve
aortic arch
2nd or 3rd rib
Aortic arch starts at the _ of the _ aorta and ends _ the origin of the 3 main arteries (brachiocephalic trunk, LCCA, and L subclavian) around _ level.
arch of the ascending aorta
after
TV4
The descending aorta has 2 parts: the thoracic which starts at the _ _ and ends at the _ (~ _ level) and the abdominal aorta which starts from below the _ and goes until the _ of the _ _ arteries (~ _ level).
Thoracic: aortic arch - diaphragm
-TV12
Abdominal: below the diaphragm – bifurcation of common iliac arteries
-LV4
The bifurcation of the aorta is at _ level which then splits into the R + L _ _ arteries
LV4
R+L common iliac
The 5 branches of the abdominal aorta before the bifurcation incluse:
celiac trunk
Superior Mesenteric aa
R+L renal aa
Inf Mesenteric aa
The ascending aorta gives rise to the _ arteries which supply blood to the _
coronary
heart
The _ aorta supplies blood to the chest wall, lungs, and esophagus
thoracic
The _ aorta supplies blood to the _ and pelvic organs, as well as lower limbs
abdominal
The A of A (artery of adam) supplies the _ (ant or post) _ (1/3 or 2/3) of the SC via the _ (ant or post) spinal arteries
anterior
2/3
anterior
Damage to the A or A can occur via surgical complications, trauma, or vascular dz. leading to SC _ -> _ or other serious neurological conditions (Beck’s SYNDROME - not triad)
SC ischemia -> paraplegia
The anterior 2/3 of the SC, which has arterial blood supply from the _ of _, is responsible for _ + _ function
Artery of adamkiwicz
motor + sensory function
There is higher risk clamping _ (above/below) renal arteries
above
The A of A originates between the _ - _ vertebra supplies the _ (upper/lower) 2/3 of the SC
TV8- TV12
lower
The A or A is the largest _ artery
radiculomedullary
-means it supplies blood to the SC
Atherosclerosis is _ + _
systemic + progressive
Most common cause of PVD =
atherosclerosis
-should suspect presence in coronary, cerebral, and renal arteries if present elsewhere
Atherosclerosis primarily affects _ (arteries/veins) due to plaque formation -> stenosis and possible occlusion
arteries
Plaque Formation process: (1/8)
Damage to the _ lining of vessels -> inflammation + vessel wall more permeable to _
endothelial
lipids
Plaque Formation process: (2/8)
_ cholesterol enters damaged endothelium and accumulates on arterial walls, which then _ and causes an inflammatory response
LDL
oxidizes
Plaque Formation 3/8
WBCs, especially _ go to the site of injury and change into _
monocytes
macrophages
Plaque Formation 4/8
Macrophages eat oxidized LDL particles and become _ cells, forming _ _
foam
fatty streaks
Plaque Formation 5/8
Foam cells release _ _, making smooth muscle cells migrate from deep layers of the arterial wall to the site of the fatty streak, which _ and thicken the wall
growth factors
proliferate
Plaque formation 6/8:
A cap made of _ forms on the fatty streak which stabilize it temporarily but then continues to degrade -> more _
collagen
inflammation
Plaque Formation 7/8:
As more foam cells, smooth muscle cells, and _ _ _ accumulate and cause more plaque, which may _ into the arterial lumen -> occlusion
extracellular matrix components
protrude