Vascular Plant Growth, Structure, and Development

Question 1

What are plants two organ systems?

Answer 1

the root system and shoot system

Question 2

Three root functions

Answer 2

absorb minerals and water, provide structural support, and store energy

Question 3

How does the root system develop?

Answer 3

lateral roots branch from the original primary root

Question 4

Root hair function

Answer 4

site of water/mineral absorption

Question 5

Mycorrhizae

Answer 5

fungi that absorbs nutrients to share with the plant

Question 6

Three stem functions

Answer 6

Orient to maximize photosynthesis, store carbohydrate reserves, and facilitate reproduction

Question 7

Rhizomes

Answer 7

carbohydrate reserves attached to stems

Question 8

Stolon

Answer 8

a stem that branches off and produces a daughter plant (facilitate reproduction)

Question 9

Apical bud

Answer 9

the bud at the top of the stem that grows upwards

Question 10

Axillary buds

Answer 10

buds left behind by the apical bud that can develop into lateral branches

Question 11

Nodes

Answer 11

where leaves/axillary buds develope

Question 12

Internodes

Answer 12

stem sections between nodes

Question 13

Three leaf functions

Answer 13

perform photosynthesis, store carbohydrate reserves, and provide protection

Question 14

What are Bulbs?

Answer 14

stems that store carbohydrate reserves (ex. onion)

Question 15

What are thorns?

Answer 15

leaves whose purpose it to provide protection

Question 16

Petiole

Answer 16

“stem” of the leaf that branches from the stem node

Question 17

Blade

Answer 17

“leaf” part of the leaf

Question 18

Simple leaf

Answer 18

one blade branching from the petiole

Question 19

Compound Leaf

Answer 19

many blades branching from the petiole

Question 20

Protoderm

Answer 20

primary meristem consisting of immature epidermis tissue

Question 21

Ground meristem

Answer 21

primary meristem consisting of immature ground tissue

Question 22

Procambium

Answer 22

primary meristem consisting of immature vascular tissue

Question 23

Axillary buds

Answer 23

precursor to lateral shots consisting of their own apical meristem

Question 24

Apical meristem

Answer 24

zone of primary growth where cell division and elongation occurs

Question 25

Dermal tissue (epidermis)

Answer 25

outer tissue features stomata and composes the cork and cork cambium

Question 26

Ground tissue

Answer 26

filler tissue comprised as mesophyll

Question 27

Vascular tissue

Answer 27

continuous protected bundle of phloem and xylem

Question 28

Secondary growth

Answer 28

growth in width and occurs after primary growth has occurred in the vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 29

Primary growth

Answer 29

growth in length that occurs in the apical meristems of shoots and roots and in primary meristems

Question 30

Growth

Answer 30

organisms ability to partake in cell division and expansion

Question 31

Morphogenesis

Answer 31

the spatial arrangement of cell; determined by location or inherited

Question 32

Cell Differentiation

Answer 32

caused by the expression of genome which creates particular proteins with specialized functions