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Abdomen Pathology > Vascular Pathology Ch9 > Flashcards

Vascular Pathology Ch9 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal diameter of the aorta is less than ____cm

A

3

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2
Q

an increase in aorta diameter greater than 1.5 times the normal diameter

A

abdominal aortic aneurysm

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3
Q

factors that determine aorta size

A
  • age
  • gender
  • blood pressure
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4
Q

most common location for aneurysm

A

infrarenal

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5
Q

risk factors include**

A
  • over age 60

- **smoke, hypertension, vascular disease, COPD, and positive family history of AAA

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6
Q

most common two causes of AAA

A

arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis

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7
Q

disease of the arterial vessels which cause thickening, hardening and loss of elasticity in arterial walls. can involve aorta and iliacs

A

arteriosclerosis

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8
Q

the aortic wall becomes irregular from plaque formation

A

atherosclerosis

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9
Q

other cause of AAA

A

-trauma, congenital defects, sypilis, mycosis, and **cystic medial necrosis (Marfan’s syndrome)*

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10
Q

most patients with AAA are ________

A

asymptomatic

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11
Q

___% of illiac aneurysms rupture

A

50

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12
Q

three different types of aneurysms**

A

-true, false (pseudoaneurysm), and dissecting

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13
Q

most common, gradual dilatation of vascular lumen often extends into the iliac vessels

A

fusiform aneurysm**

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14
Q

type of aneurysm that has a sharp jusction between normal and abnormal

A

blulbous aneurysm**

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15
Q

type of aneurysm that is spherical and larger than fusiform (5-10cm) is connected to the lumen by mouth that varies in size

A

saccular aneurysm**

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16
Q

pulsatile hematoma that results from leakage of blood into the soft tissue next to punctured artery

A

pseudoaneurysm

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17
Q

normal iliac arteries should measure less than ___ cm in diameter

A

1

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18
Q

infected aneurysm

A

mycotic

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19
Q

weakening of the media (severe)

A

atherosclerotic

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20
Q

small saccular commonly located in the brain

A

berry

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21
Q

symptoms of ruptured AA

A

excruciating abd pain, shock, and expanding mass.

most common site is lateral wall below renals

22
Q

operative mortality rate _____%

A

40-60

23
Q

**largest risk for rupture is ______, NOT ______

A

size, location

24
Q

thrombus within an aneurysm is seen as _______ level echos

A

medium to low

25
Q

amount of ______ has no relation to the risk of aneurysm rupture

A

thrombus

26
Q

4-5cm AAA

A

followed every 6 months

27
Q

5-6cm AAA

A

may benefit from surgical repair

28
Q

6-7cm AAA

A

considered high risk

29
Q

Most aortic dissection are idiopathic, but may be associated with:**

A
  • cystic medial necrosis
  • chronic hypertension
  • inherited Marfan’s syndrome
  • trauma
30
Q

aortic dissection involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch. high incidence of mortality

A

type I and II aortic dissection

31
Q

descending aorta at a lever inferior to the left subclavian artery. lower mortality rate

A

type III aortic dissection

32
Q

aortic dissection is more common in _____ and patients are usually ____ years old and hypertensive

A

males, 40-60

33
Q

aortic dissection will present as _______ excruciating chest pain radiating to the back. occurs with an intimal tear from the _____ of wall

A

acute, media**

34
Q

aortic dissection usually originates at the _______ in the thorax

A

aortic arch**

35
Q

masses that mimic a AAA

A
  • retroperitoneal sarcoma
  • huge fibroid uterus
  • lymphadenopathy
  • pancreatic CA (because the mass is adjacent to the aorta, pulsations are transmitted from the aorta to the mass)
36
Q
  • occurs mostly secondary to trauma/surgery

- some may develop as a complication of arteriosclerotic aortic aneurysms

A

arteriovenous fistulas

37
Q

If there is leg and lower trunk edema and a dilated IVC, an___________ should be suspected**

A

** arterivenous fistula

38
Q
  • failure of union of the hepatic veins and the right subcardinal vein
  • hepatics don’t drain into IVC because of obstruction
  • 30-40 years old with portal ypertension
A

infrahepatic interruption of IVC

39
Q

does not collapse with expiration. **present with with right ventricular heart failure

A

IVC dilataion

40
Q

single or multiple echogenic nodules are seen along the wall. IVC may be distended and filled with the tumor

A

IVC tumor

41
Q

most common tumor to invade IVC, usually from the right kidney

A

renal cell CA

42
Q

**-leg edema -low back and pelvic pain -GI complaints -renal and liver abnormalities
complete is life threatening

A

IVC thrombosis

43
Q

The preferred location for IVC filters

A

iliac bifurcation below the renal veins

44
Q

symptoms of renal vein obstruction

A

flank pain, hematuria, flank mass, and proteinuria. associate with maternal diabetes and hypertension

45
Q
  • renal vein dilation proximal to the point of occlusion
  • enlarged kidneys in acute stage (loss of normal structure)
  • decreased or no flow shown on doppler
A

renal vein thrombosis**

46
Q

symptoms of renal vein thrombosis**

A

pain, nephromegaly, hematuria, or thromboembolic phenomena elsewhere in the body

47
Q

thrombus of the hepatic veins, rare, most are idiopathic

A

Chiari syndrome**

48
Q

intestinal ischemia secondary to the compression of the proximal celiac axis by the median arcuate ligament of the diaphragm

A

arcuate ligament syndrome**

49
Q

symptoms of arcuate ligament syndrome

A
  • epigastric pain, weight loss, and abdominal bruit with inspiration
  • typically the stenosis disappears with inspiration
50
Q

high diastolic component and supply organs that need constant perfusion such as ICA, HA and RA

A

nonresistive

51
Q

very little or even reversed flow in diastole and supply organs that do no need a constant blood supply, such as the ECA, iliac and brachial arteries

A

resistive

52
Q

peak systole - peak diastole / peak systole

A

Resistive index

Abdomen Pathology (9 decks)

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