Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abdomen Pathology > Pathology of the Liver Ch 10 > Flashcards

Pathology of the Liver Ch 10 Flashcards

1
Q

lab test that, alone is nonspecific for liver disease

A

AST or SGOT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

increase in ____ without ALT is seen with myocardial infarction, hear failure and muscle injury

A

AST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

lab test for liver disease-if elevated probable liver disease

A

ALT or SGPT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

found in the cells of many body tissues (will not be an answer to a question for the registry test)

A

LDH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

lab test, produced by liver, bone, intestines, and placenta; elevated with biliary obstruction**, metastasis, abscesses, or cirrhosis

A

alkaline phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

product of breakdown of hemoglobin in tired RBC’s, elevation results in jaudice**

A

bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

usually seen with anemias, trauma from a hematoma, or hemorrhagic pulmonary infections

A

indirect bilirubin (unconjugated bilirubin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

**is usually related to obstructive jaundice from stones or neoplasm

A

direct bilirubin (conjugated bilirubin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

prothrombin time/partial prothrombin time

A

PT/PTT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

increase in alk. phos. and ___ indicates a biliary obstruction

A

GGT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

marked elevations occur with hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma

A

AFP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • acquired, reversible disorder of metabolism, resulting in an accumulation of triglycerides within the hepotcytes
  • fatty infiltration implies increased lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes (benign)
A

fatty liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

causes of fatty liver**

A

obesity, alcohol abuse, poorly controlled hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, excess cortocosteriods, pregnancy, total parenteral hyperalimentaion (nutrition), severe hepatitis, glycogen storage disease, cystic fibrosis, pharmaceutical, chronic illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

focal areas of normal liver parenchyma within a fatty infiltrated liver

A

focal fatty sparing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hepatitis type spread primarily by fecal/oral contamination-virus lives in the alimentary tract

A

hepatitis type A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

hepatitis type that exists in the bloodstream, saliva and semen/spread by infected blood via needle stick or sexual contact
greatest risk to health care professionals**

A

hepatitis type B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

hepatitis type spread by blood/body fluids

A

hepatitis type C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hypoechoic, enlarged liver with heperechoic portal vein walls, thickened GB walls

A

acute hepatitis**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

hyperechoic, small liver with decreased echogenicity of portal vein walls, ascites, 6 months of hepatic inflammation present

A

chronic hepatitis**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what lab values are increased in hepatitis?**

A

increased ALT, AST, and bilirubin (acute and chronic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clinical findings for hepatitis**

A

flu-like symptoms, fatigue, abnormal liver functions test, RUQ pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

simultaneous parenchymal necrosis, regeneration and diffuse fibrosis resulting in disorganization of lobular architecture

A

cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

micronodular (nodules ____) most commonly the result of chronic alcohol abuse, but can be the result of nutritional deprivation, hepatitis or infection **

A

.1-1cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

macronodular (nodules up to 5cm) is cause by ______ or other infections

A

chronic viral hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

recannalization of the umbilical vein is seen in _______

A

ligamentum teres/falciform ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

cirrhosis increase the risk for _____

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma hepatoma (HCC)**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

acute cirrhosis symptoms **

A

asymptomatic or may include nausea, flatulence, ascities, light-colored stools, weakness, abdominal pain

28
Q

chronic cirrhosis symptoms**

A

nausea, anorexia, weight loss, jaundice, dark urine, fatigue

29
Q

the liver size is ______ with acute cirrhosis, and _____ with chronic cirrhosis

A

enlarged, small (with enlargement of the caudate lobe in comparison to the right lobe)

30
Q

with _____ cirrhosis the liver has a nodular surface-ascites accentuates

A

chronic**

31
Q

an inherited disease characterized by the abnormal storage and accumulation of glycogen in the tissues, especially liver, and kidneys

A

glycogen storage disease

32
Q

most common type of glycogen storage disease. abnormally large amounts of glycogen are deposited in the liver and kidneys

A

Type 1 (Von Gierke’s) **

33
Q

sonograhic appearance of Von Gierke’s **

A
  • hepatomegaly
  • inclreased echogenicity and attenuation
  • hepatic ademoma****
  • focal nodular hyperplasia
34
Q
  • increased pressure within the portal venous system which will lead to liver ischemia**
  • enlarged portal veins
A

portal venous hypertension

35
Q

when the portal venous pressure is above 10mmHg or the hepatic venous gradient is more than 5mmHg

A

portal venous hypetension

36
Q

develops when normal veins become occluded causing hepatofugal flow

A

portal systemic collaterals

37
Q

may lead to life threatening hemorrhage**

A

gastroesophogeal varices

38
Q

re-opening of the umbilical vein (ligamentum teres) begins at LPV - exits at ligamentum teres **

A

recanalized umbilical vein

39
Q

splenorenal varices, intestinal and rectal varices **

A

.

40
Q

a disorder characterized by hepatic vein obstruction by thrombus or tumor. typically seen in young adult women taking birth control pills**

A

Budd-Chiari Syndrome

41
Q

in Budd-Chiari syndrome the _____ lobe is often spared and enlarges with atrophy of the right and left lobes**

A

caudate

42
Q

causes of Budd-Chiari syndrome

A
  • membranous obstruction of intrahepatic IVC
  • hypercoagulations states leading to thrombosis of the hepatic veins
  • mechanical compression due to liver tumors and cirrhosis
  • tumor invasion
  • ** unknown etiology 30%
43
Q

differential diagnosis for focal diseases of the liver include:

A
  • cysts
  • abscess
  • hematoma
  • primary tumor
  • metastases
44
Q
  • focal imhomogenous mas within the liver capsule
  • displacement of hepatic vascular radicals
  • external bulging of the liver capsule
  • posterior shift of the IVC
A

intrahepatic mass**

45
Q
  • irregular ill-defined hypoechoic, heterogenous lesion inthe area of porta hepatis
  • intrahepatic ductal dilation
  • discontunuity and internal invagination of the liver capsule
  • formation of a triangular fat wedge
  • anteromedial shift of the IVC
  • anterior displacement of the right kidney
A

**extrahepatic mass

46
Q

Pyogenic abscess primary occurs in the

A

Central right lobe of the liver

47
Q

Most prevalent is cattle raising countries, common in the Middle East, liver is most common site for virus growth

A

Echinococcus cyst (hydatid disease)

48
Q

Simple cyst- two layers, cyst within a cyst, water lily sign, honeycomb appearance,

A

Echinococcus cyst (hydatid disease)

49
Q

If a daughter cyst is found, it is specific for

A

Echoincoccal disease

50
Q

Most common organism causing infection in AIDS

A

Pneumocystis carinii

51
Q

Major cause of portal hypertension worldwide

A

Schistosomiasis

52
Q

Most common benign tumor in the liver, Doppler does not deme strange flow within

A

Hemangioma

53
Q

More common in women, associated with use of oral contraceptives
-hepatic cystadenoma

A

Liver cell adenoma, hepatic adenoma

54
Q

-solid mass with carying echogenicity - star appearance -well defined peripheral and central blood vessels

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia

55
Q

Rare fatty tumors, confirmed with CR

A

Hepatic lipomas

56
Q

Most common primary malignancy of the liver, increased risk with cirrhosis, more frequent in men

A

HCC

57
Q

Increase in AFP,AST, ALT, hx of cirrhosis, hep B or C

-RUQ pain, palpable mass, weight loss, abd swelling with ascities

A

HCC

58
Q

Commonly invades venous structures (portal and hepatic) with tumor or thrombosis
-buds-Chiari

A

HCC

59
Q

Most common malignant tumor in early childhood

A

Hepatoblastoma

60
Q

Most common form of neoplastic involvement of the liver

A

Metastatic disease

61
Q

Hyperechoic metastases

A

Gastrointestinal tract

62
Q

Hypoechoic metastases

A

Lymphoma

63
Q

“Bull’s eye or “target” metastases

A

Lung

64
Q

Calcified metastases

A

Mucinous adenocarcimoma

65
Q

Cystic metastases

A

Sarcoma

66
Q

Most common hepatic tumor in AID’s patients

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Abdomen Pathology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions