Vascular pathologies

Question 1

What does P-ANCA refer to in polyarteritis nodosa?

Answer 1

perinuclear pattern of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies

Question 2

What are the symptoms of Buerger’s disease?

Answer 2

intermittent claudication, superficial nodular phlebitis, cold sensitivity, severe pain in affected part -> may lead to gangrene

Question 3

What is the most likely location of atherosclerosis?

Answer 3

abdominal aorta, coronary artery, popliteal artery, carotid artery

Question 4

A patient present with cotton-wool spots, microaneurysms, pericarditis, myocarditis, and palpable purpura. Most likely dx:

Answer 4

polyarteritis nodosa

Question 5

What is the MC site for berry aneurysms?

Answer 5

bifurcation of anterior communicating artery (circle of Willis)

Question 6

T/F: atherosclerosis is a disease of small-sized arteries

Answer 6

F

Question 7

What antibody is associated with this polyarteritis nodosa?

Answer 7

P-ANCA

Question 8

DVT often presents with Virchow’s triad. Name the three features of this triad.

Answer 8

stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage

Question 9

Name the term that describes hyperlipidemia that causes a lipid deposit in tendons, esp. the achilles.

Answer 9

tendinous xanthoma is a lipid deposit in the tendon dt hyperlipidemia

Question 10

In polyarteritis nodosa what viral infection is found in 30% of patients?

Answer 10

hepatitis B

Question 11

Which vessels are affected by polyarteritis nodosa?

Answer 11

small to medium-sized muscular arteries, renal and visceral vessels

Question 12

Name the three diseases that are associated with berry aneurysms.

Answer 12

adult polycystic disease, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan’s disease

Question 13

Temporal arteritis primarily affects whom?

Answer 13

elderly females

Question 14

Polyarteritis nodosa primarily affects whom?

Answer 14

young males

Question 15

What is the term given to a plaque or nodule composed of lipid-laden histiocytes in the skin, esp. eyelids?

Answer 15

xantholasma

Question 16

What is the most effective treatment for Buerger’s disease.

Answer 16

quitting smoking

Question 17

A patient presents with unilateral HA, jaw claudication and impaired vision. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 17

temporal arteritis

Question 18

Which additional syndrome can affect patients with temporal arteritis?

Answer 18

polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 19

What is the term that describes the first grossly visible lesion in the development of atherosclerosis.

Answer 19

fatty streak

Question 20

Temporal arteritis is AKA?

Answer 20

giant cell arteritis

Question 21

A patient has a stroke after incurring multiple long bone fractures from trauma stemming from a MVA. Most likely cause of stroke:

Answer 21

fat emboli

Question 22

What is the term given to a lipid deposit in the cornea associated with hyperlipidemia?

Answer 22

corneal arcus

Question 23

Who suffers from Buerger’s disease?

Answer 23

young males, heavy smokers

Question 24

List 7 common symptoms of polyarteritis nodosa.

Answer 24

fever, wt loss, malaise, abdominal pain, HA, myalgia, HTN

Question 25

Thromboangiitis obliterans is AKA __

Answer 25

Buerger’s disease

Question 26

Temporal arteritis usually affects what vessels?

Answer 26

medium and small arteries (usu carotid branches)