Hematopoietic system pathologies Flashcards
Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one has a 50% association with EBV?
HL
What is the presentation of a patient lacking all four alpha-globin genes?
hydrop fetalis and intrauterine fetal death
Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one involves multiple, peripheral nodes with common extra-nodal involvement?
NHL
Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one presents with constitutional signs/symptoms: low grade fever, night sweats, weight loss?
HL (NHL has few SSx
What causes DIC?
obstetric complications, gram- sepsis, transfusion, trauma, malignancy, acute pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome
What is the etiology of alpha-thalassemia?
underproduction of alpha-globin chain with no compensatory increase of any other chains
Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one is associated with HIV and immunosuppression?
NHL
What is the deficiency in hemophilia A?
factor VIII
List four clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma.
lytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia along w/ renal insufficiency, increased susceptibility to infection and anemia
What causes aplastic anemia?
radiation, benzene, chloramphenicol, alkylating agents, antimetabolites, viral agents, Fanconi’s anemia, idiopathic causes
Esophageal cancer: esophageal adenocarcinoma is found where?
lower 1/3
When would you see the hemolytic anemia associated with G6PD deficiency?
when the body is under oxidative stress (dt certain drugs, fava beans)
List three key diagnostic features of multiple myeloma.
lytic bone lesions on Xray, M-spike on serum protein electrophoresis, Bence-Jones proteins in urine
Which antigen is deficient in von Willebrand’s disease?
von Willebrands antigen
When are Heinz bodies seen in hemolytic anemia?
heinz bodies are observed in hemolytic anemia caused by G6PD deficiency
Barrett’s esophagus: the distal esophageal columnar epithelium is replaced with:
gastric columnar epithelium
Esophageal cancer: the MC esophageal cancer in the US is:
adenocarcinoma (decreased cigarette use)
How does a RBC smear appear in a patient with multiple myeloma?
rouleaux formation
Name two peripheral and bone marrow characteristics of leukemia.
increased circulating leukocytes and bone marrow infiltrates of leukemic cells
Which diseases present with increased PTT and normal PT, platelet count, and bleeding time?
hemophilia A and B
Which population has the highest prevalence of alpha-thalassemia?
mediterranean populations
Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one has bimodal age distribution?
HL (NHL peaks at 20-40 years old)
Patient presents with normal TIBC, increased serum iron, and 100% iron saturation (normal is 20-50%). Your most likely diagnosis is:
iron overload (hemosiderosis)
What is the definition of DIC?
activation of coagulation cascade leading to microthrombi and global consumption of platelets, fibrin, and coagulation factors
What condition presents with decreased platelet count, increased bleeding time, and normal PT/PTT?
thrombocytopenia
Which two immunoglobulins are abnormal in multiple myeloma?
IgA (55%) and IgA (25%)
Name three organs that are most commonly infiltrated in leukemia.
liver, spleen, lymph nodes
What are common symptoms associated with aplastic anemia?
fatigue, malaise, pallor, purpura, mucosal bleeding, petechiae, and infection
Esophageal cancer: the MC esophageal cancer in the world is:
SCC
Esophageal cancer: esophageal SCC is found where?
upper 2/3
Barrett’s esophagus can progress to:
adenocarcinoma
Which anemia presents with increased TIBC, decreased ferritin, and decreased serum iron?
microcytic, hypochromic anemia
Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one is more common in males?
HL
Which factors does the PT measure?
extrinsic factors II, V, VII, X
What abnormal lab findings would a B12/folate deficiency cause?
macrocytic anemia
Barrett’s esophagus results from __.
reflux
What is the patient presentation of beta-thalassemia major?
severe anemia requiring blood transfusion
cardiac failure dt 2˚ hemochromatosis
In Wilson’s disease, what organs or tissues accumulate copper?
liver, brain, cornea
Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one is localized to a single group of nodes, with contiguous spread and rare extra-nodal involvement?
HL
Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which one presents with mediastinal lymphadenopathy?
HL
Which anemia presents with an increased TIBC, decreased serum iron, and normal iron saturation?
iron deficiency anemia
Hodgkin’s or NHL: Which presents with Reed-Sternberg cells?
HL
Risk factors of Esophageal CA
Acalasia Barrett's esophagus Corrosive esophagitis/cigarettes Diverticuli (zenkers) Esophageal web/EtOH Familial
Which type of lymphoma is associated with EBV infection and is endemic in Africa?
Burkitt’s
In multiple myeloma, the Ig light chains are also called __
Bence-Jones proteins
