Vascular Disturbances 4

Question 0

What sort of conditions do you seen when its exudate..
And transudate?
Eg protein levels, protein type, fibrin, Sp. G., Cells

Answer 0

Slide 5, 6

Question 1

Body fluid is how much percentage intra cellular and extracellular.
Which part is lost when dehydrated?

What’s a transudate?
Exudate?

Answer 1

• 2/3 intra cellular and 1/3 extra cellular
• ⬇ECC= dehydration
• XS extra cellular fluid = OEDEMA
• low protein, few/ no cells
• localised or generalised

Transudate= non inflammatory effusion 
Exudate= inflammatory effusion

Question 2

Why does oedema form?

Answer 2

EH Starling: Fluid movement between capillaries and interstitial space is in equilibrium

What fluid leaves the capillaries is returned to capillaries and circulation via lymphatics, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic and oncotic pressure (blood vessels, lymphatics, interstitium)

So changes (oedema) could be caused by:

• ⬆ intra vascular pressure
• lymphatic obstruction
• ⬇ blood oncotic pressure
• ⬆interstitial osmotic pressure
• ⬆ vascular permeability

Question 3

Right sided heart failure:
Describe it and how it causes swelling in chest and abdomen

Fluid in abdominal cavity = acites
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Answer 3

Congestion of liver causing ⬆ hydrostatic pressure so fluid moves out of vessels into tissue space.
➡Fluid into lymphatics, beneat and through liver capsule
➡Fluid into abdominal cavity = ascites

Question 4

What would happen with left sided heart failure

Answer 4

Congestion of lungs➡ ⬆ hydrostatic pressure septal capillaries.
Fluid is forced into alveoli (soft cough)= pulmonary Oedema, RB. Leak into alveoli, phagocytosed.
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