Acute Inflammation 4: Lecture 10

Question 0

What are the outcomes of acute inflammation?

Morphological patterns of acute inflammation?

Answer 0

The hallmark feature is to= increase vascular permeability

Outcomes of acute inflammation:

1. Complete resolution
2. Healing via fibrosis -replacement of normal tissue with fibrin and collagen = fibrotic tissue and loss of function
3. Progression to chronic inflammation- infectious agent isn’t removed and tissue changes over time

Morphologic patterns of acute inflammation?

1. Serous
2. Fibrinous
3. Suppurative/ purulent
4. Ulcers

Question 1

What are the cardinal signs of acute inflammation?

Answer 1

1. Heat (calor)
2. Pain (dolor)
3. Redness (rubor)
4. Swelling (tumor)
5. Loss of function

Question 2

Translates and Exudates:
Protein content 
Protein type 
Fibrin 
Specific gravity 
Cell content 

Side 12

Answer 2

Slide 12

Question 3

What are the hallmark features of increased vascular permeability

Answer 3

Slide 13 
Transudate: 
-generally non-inflammatory 
-hallmark feature of increased vascular permeability- fluid movement out of vessels into tissues. 
-non infectious trauma 

Oedema:

• generally classified as a transudate ie non-inflammatory
• excess interstitial fluid
• low in protein and cells

Question 4

Serous (inflammatory) Exudates

Answer 4

•Inflammatory effusion
•Serous fluid (serum) with increase in cells and protein
–c.f. transudate in oedema
•Initial exudate in most inflammatory lesions due to  vasc. permeability
•Straw coloured
•Clots on exposure to air
•Dilutes & facilitates cell migration
•Effusions – serous fluid in peritoneal, pleural or pericardial cavities

14

Question 5

(Sero) Sanguineous Exudates

Answer 5

Slide 15

Question 6

Sero- fibrinous Exudates

Answer 6

Slide 16

• similar to Stroud, but with strands and flecks of fibrin
• assosiated with ⬆ inflammatory response
• viral infections
  
  • feline infectious
  • feline corona virus

Question 7

Fibrinous Exudates

Answer 7

-more extensive vascular leakage and clotting
-fibrin deposits: white, flaky material, often adherent to the tissue
-“bread and butter” Exudates
-localised lesion ➡scaffold for cell migration and healing
-characteristic of inflammation of body cavities➡ pericardium, peritoneum, pleura
May be so sever as to enhance initial injury
-organised into adherent lesions eg fibrinous pericarditis
Slide 17

Question 8

Purulent (suppurative) Exudates

Answer 8

• an exudate composed of large number of:
  
  • dead and dying neutrophils
  • necrotic tissue debris

Tissue liquefied by neutrophils (liquefaction necrosis)
-thick yellow/green/brown exudate ‘pus’
-excess mucous
-indicative of bacterial infection ➡Pyogenic (puss producing) bacteria
20

Question 9

Hemorrhagic Exudates

Answer 9

-extensive exudate + RBC
-appears as varying shades of dull red
-inflammation assosiated with extensive damage to blood vessels
-bacterial infection + extensive AL
21

Question 10

Diphtheritic Exudates

Answer 10

-sticky, yellow-brown exudate adherent to underlying surface
-the result of fibrin exudate on mixing with necrosis of the surface (usually mucous membrane)
-dipthrtitic laryngitis
22

Question 11

Ulceration

Answer 11

-full-thickened loss of mucosal surface or epidermis + exposure of submucosa/dermis
-inflammation + shedding of necrotic tissue
-penetration- pain, bleeding
-usually mouth, stomach, intestine, urinary tract
-ulcerative colitis (many species eg
-acute gastric ulcers l
Skin in elderly
23

Question 12

Review questions

Answer 12

Slide 25