Vascular disorders Flashcards
What does the vascular system include?
The vascular system includes arteries, capillaries, veins, and lymph.
What are common problems associated with the vascular system?
Common problems include pump failure, changes in blood/lymph vessels, and circulatory insufficiency, especially in limbs.
What is intermittent claudication?
Intermittent claudication is pain or fatigue during exercise due to reduced blood flow.
What are the symptoms of arterial insufficiency?
Symptoms include sharp, intermittent claudication, diminished or absent pulses, shiny cold skin, and deep painful ulcers.
What are the symptoms of venous insufficiency?
Symptoms include aching or cramping pain, present but hard to feel pulses, red-blue color skin, and superficial irregular ulcers.
What is the pathophysiology of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis?
Fatty streaks and fibrous plaques build up in arteries, narrowing the lumen and potentially causing inadequate blood supply to tissues.
What are modifiable risk factors for arteriosclerosis?
Modifiable risk factors include smoking, poor diet, high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, stress, and lack of exercise.
What are non-modifiable risk factors for arteriosclerosis?
Non-modifiable risk factors include aging, gender (more common in men), and genetics.
What are symptoms of Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)?
Symptoms include intermittent claudication, cool/pale skin, cyanosis when legs are down, and unequal pulses.
What is the management for PAD?
Management includes medications, exercise programs, smoking cessation, and surgical options like endarterectomy or bypass grafts.
What is a thoracic aortic aneurysm?
A thoracic aortic aneurysm is often caused by atherosclerosis and can be asymptomatic or cause pain, cough, dyspnea, or hoarseness.
What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
An abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs below the renal arteries and can be asymptomatic but may cause a pulsatile mass and pain.
What are the symptoms of a dissecting aorta?
Symptoms include sudden, severe chest or back pain, tachycardia, and potential for shock.
What are the Six P’s of arterial embolism and thrombosis?
The Six P’s are Pain, Pallor, Pulselessness, Paresthesia, Poikilothermia, and Paralysis.
What is Raynaud’s phenomenon?
Raynaud’s phenomenon is characterized by bilateral skin color changes in toes and fingers due to vasoconstriction.
What is venous thromboembolism (VTE)?
VTE includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) and is caused by Virchow’s Triad.
What are the symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency?
Symptoms include swelling, pain, pigmentation changes, stasis dermatitis, and ulcers.
What are the characteristics of arterial ulcers?
Arterial ulcers are painful, deep, circular, and often located at the toes or between toes.
What are the characteristics of venous ulcers?
Venous ulcers are less painful, large, shallow, and often found around the ankle.
