Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology 3001 > Vascular Disease > Flashcards

Vascular Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What are the risk factors for atherosclerosis?

A
  • Age
  • Sex
  • Hypertension
  • Hyperlipidaemia (particularly LDL)
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Obesity
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Low socio-economic status
  • Low birth-weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is an aneurysm?

A

Localised, permanent, abnormal dilation of blood vessel or the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where do berry aneurysms occur?

A

The circle of Willis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind of aneurysm is common in young people?

A

Berry aneurysms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where do syphilitic aneurysms usually occur?

A

The thoracic aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are varicose veins?

A

Abnormally dilated, tortuous veins produced by prolonged, increased intraluminal pressure and loss of vessel wall support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is vasculitis?

A

Inflammation and necrosis of blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the risk factors for varicose veins?

A
  • Age (female, multiple pregnancies)
  • Sex
  • Heredity
  • Posture
  • Obesity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of vasculitis?

A
  • Cell immune-mediated inflammation
  • Deposition of immune complexes
  • Direct attack by circulating antibodies
  • Direct invasion of vascular walls by infectious pathogens
  • Often part of multi-system disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is an aneurysm called that is one sided?

A

Saccular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an aneurysm called that has a buldge on both sides of the vessel?

A

Fusiform

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What kind of haemorrhage is a berry aneurysm associated with?

A

A sub-arachnoid haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How much more likely are men with hypertension aged 40 to 60 to get a dissecting aortic aneurysm?

A

x3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where does the intimal tear usually take place in an aortic aneurysm?

A

1-2 cm from the aortic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What kind of aneurysm takes place in the branches of the middle cerebral artery?

A

Capillary micro-aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What kind of aneurysm is associated with intra-cerebral haemorrhage?

A

Capillary micro-aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the different types of vasculitis?

A
  • Giant-cell (temporal) arteritis
  • Takayasu arteritis (pulseless disease)
  • Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)
  • Kawasaki disease (children <4)
18
Q

Describe Giant-cell (temporal) arteritis?

A
  • Granulomatous inflammation of large to small-sized arteries (temporal, vertebral and opthalamic).
  • Cord-like nodular thickening
  • Throbbing headaches
  • Malaise
  • Fever
19
Q

Describe the morphology of an atheromatous plaque

A
  • Patchy and raised white to yellow
  • Core of lipid
  • Fibrous cap
20
Q

What are the effects of atheroma of distal aorta / illiac / femoral arteries?

A
  • Intermittent claudication
  • Pain
  • Ulcers
  • Gangrene
21
Q

What is the difference between a true and false aneurysm?

A

A true aneurysm occurs within the vessel walls, a false aneurysm involves blood leaking out through the endothelium creating a haematoma

22
Q

What is a dissecting aneurysm?

A

A tear in the intimal layer and blood escapes from the lumen into the intimal layer

23
Q

How big are atherosclerotic aneurysms?

A

15 to 25 cm in length

24
Q

What is usually causes a mycotic aneurysm?

A

Bacteria or fungi

25
Q

What veins are usually varicose?

A

The saphenous veins

26
Q

Describe takayasu arteritis (pulseless disease)

A
  • Granulomatous vasculitis of medium and larger arteries of upper limbs (+ arch of aorta)
  • Radial or brachial pulses cannot be felt or are very weak
  • Asymmetric BP
  • Dysponea
27
Q

What demographic does takayasu arteritis usually affect?

A

Women aged < 30

28
Q

Describe Polyarterits nodosa (PAN)

A
  • Medium small size muscular arteries of the kidneys, heart, liver and GI tract are involved
29
Q

Describe kawasaki disease

A
  • High fever, conjunctival and oral lesions

- Self-limited

30
Q

Who is mainly affected by Kawasaki disease?

A

Children < aged 4

31
Q

What is claudication?

A

Cramping pain in the leg induced by exercise, typically caused by obstruction of the arteries.

32
Q

What is used to treat Takayasu Arteritis?

A

Steroids

33
Q

What is the name given to a benign vascular tumour?

A

Angioma

34
Q

What is the name given to a benign tumour of the arteries?

A

Haemangioma

35
Q

What is the colloquial term for Juvenile angiomas?

A

Strawberry (affecting skin)

36
Q

What is the colloquial term for capillary angiomas?

A

Ruby spots (affecting skin, spleen, kidneys)

37
Q

What is the colloquial term for caverous angiomas?

A

Port wine stains (affecting skin, spleen, liver and pancreas)

38
Q

What type of tumours are lymphangiomas?

A

Capillary or Cavernous

39
Q

What is the term given to malignant vascular tumours?

A

Angiosarcomas

40
Q

Where can angiosarcomas appear?

A

Almost anywhere (skin, soft tissue, breat, bone, liver and spleen)

41
Q

What is Kaposi’s sarcoma assciated with?

A

HIV / Aids

42
Q

Where type of cells do Kaposi’s sarcomas derive from?

A

angioproliferative tumour derived from endothelial cells

Pathology 3001 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions