The Effects of Systemic disease on the Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the dominant cause of death in diabetic patients?
Cardiovascular complications
Name some diabetes-associated metabolic disorders
- Hyperglycemia
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Hypoalphalipoproteinemia
What is glycation?
Non-enzymatic addition of glucose to a protein
What should be measured to test how well an individual has controlled their blood glucose over a long peroid of time?
Glycosylated haemoglobin (reflects blood glucose over a period of months)
What kind of vessels are most affected by diabetes?
Small vessels
What is the vasa vasorum?
A network of small bloood vessels that supply the walls of large blood vessels, such as elastic arteries (e.g aorta) and large veins (vena cava)
What pulmonary diseases can cause right ventricular hypertrophy?
COPD, brochitis and emphysema
What is amyloidosis?
- A chemical reaction on a material that is deposisted on a tissue. It is starch like as it binds to iodine
- Due to a plasma cell problem (light chain)
- or chronic acute phase response
What are the two major types of amyloid that affect the body?
- Al amyloid
- AA amyloid - derived from a liver protein produced from an acute phase inflammatory response called SAA protein
In what diseases might you get an increase in SAA?
- Chronic sepsis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Name some systemic conditions which can affect the CV system?
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypertension
- COPD
- Amyloidosis
- Rheumatois arthritis
- Vasculitides and SLE
- Sarcoidosis
- Nutrition
- Drugs
What kind of hypersensitivity is sarcoidosis?
Type 4
What kind of inflammation affects the heart in sarcoidosis?
Granulomas
How can nutrition affect the CV system?
Famine in the young
What kind of drugs can affect the CV system?
- Anticancer drugs
- Immunosuppressive
- Diabetogenic
- Anti-inflammatory
