Vascular Disease

Question 1

What is dementia?

Answer 1

An umbrella term for conditions which affect the cognitive function of the brain

Question 2

What is the link between dementia and LOC?

Answer 2

Dementia rarely causes LOC

Question 3

What is Alzheimer’s?

Answer 3

A loss of the connection between nerve cells

Question 4

What are the early symptoms of Alzheimer’s?

Answer 4

• Memory issues
• Mood changes

Question 5

What is episodic memory?

Answer 5

Specific personal events and their context

Question 6

What is semantic memory?

Answer 6

General knowledge about the world

Question 7

What is implicit memory?

Answer 7

Unconscious memory

Question 8

What is explicit memory?

Answer 8

Conscious memory

Question 9

What parts of the brain are involved in memory?

Answer 9

Frontal cortex

Hippocampus
Medial temporal lobe

Question 10

What are four factors for the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease?

Answer 10

Genetics
Usually over 65
Bias to females

Question 11

What is vascular dementia?

Answer 11

Reduced blood flow to the brain?

Question 12

What is the pathophysiology behind Alzheimer’s?

Answer 12

Amyloid plaques in memory areas, such as frontal cortex, medial temporal lobe and hippocampus

Question 13

What causes Lewis body dementia?

Answer 13

Deposits of a protein called Lewy bodies inside the areas responsible for movement and memory

Question 14

Where does Lewy body affect In the brain?

Answer 14

Lewy bodies in the temporal lobe cause hallucinations

Question 15

Symptoms of Lewy body?

Answer 15

Characteristic of hallucinations

Question 16

Symptoms of Parkinson’s?

Answer 16

Tremor
Slow movement
Stiff muscles

Question 17

How do strokes occur?

Answer 17

Blood clot blocks blood flow to a part of the brain

Question 18

Where do anterior cerebral strokes affect?

Answer 18

Weakness in opposite leg

Question 19

Where do middle cerebral strokes affect?

Answer 19

Dysphasia, paralysis on opposite side

Question 20

Where do basilar and vertebral strokes affect?

Answer 20

decreased LOC, ataxia, cranial nerve palsy

Question 21

How do posterior strokes affect?

Answer 21

Visual loss in one half of vertical field. Visual issues, motion intolerance, balance issues, vertigo, dizziness

Question 22

What is the pathway for a stroke?

Answer 22

FAST positive
Under 4 hours since onset
Rule out stroke mimics
Pre alert to stroke unit

Question 23

What medication is used for a stroke patient?

Answer 23

-

Question 24

What is a TIA?

Answer 24

Transient ischemic attack - cerebral
Ischemia, due to temporary blockage. Quick onset, and self resolves within 1-24 hours