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Special Procedures > Vascular cardiac and interventional radiography > Flashcards

Vascular cardiac and interventional radiography Flashcards

1
Q

two different things you can go into in interventional radiology

A

vascular and cardiac

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2
Q

Cardiac interventional radiogrpahy letters

A

CI

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3
Q

vascular interventional radiography

A

VI

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4
Q

who created the radiographic showing of blood vessels

A

haschek and lindenthal

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5
Q

first human cardiac catheterization performed

A

25 year old fossman

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6
Q

who created the percutaneous technique

A

Dr. Sven Ivar Seldinger

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7
Q

fathers of interventional radiology and cardiology

A

Charles Dotter
Andreas Gruntzig

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8
Q

PTA

A

percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

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9
Q

What is PTA

A

Investigation of coronary arteries

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10
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot obstructing a blood vessel or cavity of the heart

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11
Q

fibrinolytic agent

A

recombinant tissue plasminogen activators

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12
Q

embolization

A

cutting off the blood supply

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13
Q

two main parts of the circulatory system

A

blood vascular system and lymphatic system

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14
Q

major part of the circulatory system

A

blood vascular system

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15
Q

minor part of the circulatory system

A

lymphatic system

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16
Q

veins carry blood

A

toward the heart

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17
Q

arteries carry blood

A

away from the heart

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18
Q

two circulation circuits of the heart

A

systemic and pulmonary

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19
Q

systemic circulation carries

A

oxygenated blood to the organs and tissues

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20
Q

pulmonary circulation takes blood

A

to lungs to exchange carbon dioxide for oxygen

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21
Q

two main trunk vessels arise from the heart

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

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22
Q

where does the portal system begin and end

A

begins in capillaries of the abdominal viscera and ends in the capillaries and sinusoids of the liver

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23
Q

arteriole

A

smaller branch of artery

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24
Q

capillary

A

smallest vessels, connects arterioles and venules: supplies oxygen and removes waste

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25
Q

venule

A

smaller branch of vein

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26
Q

two largest systemic veins

A

superior and inferior vena cava

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27
Q

myocardium

A

muscular wall of the heart

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28
Q

endocardium

A

inner lining of heart

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29
Q

epicardium

A

thin membrane that covers heart

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30
Q

pericardial sac

A

double walled outermost covering of heart

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31
Q

Upper chambers of the heart ( receiving chanbers

A

atria

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32
Q

lower chambers of the heart (distributing chambers)

A

ventricle

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33
Q

the valve that controls the opening between right atrium and the ventricle

A

right atrioventricular (AV) valve or tricuspid valve

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34
Q

Valve that controls opening between left atrium and ventricle

A

Left AV valve or bicuspid or mitral valve

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35
Q

Contraction of the heart is

A

systole

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36
Q

pumping and relaxation of the heart is

A

diastole

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37
Q

widow maker

A

left coronary artery

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38
Q

where does the aotra bifurcate

A

L4

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39
Q

internal iliac artery passes

A

into the pelvis

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40
Q

the external iliac artery passes to a point about

A

midway between ASIS and pubic symphysis

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41
Q

lymphatic system consists of two communicating sets

A

superficial and deep

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42
Q

the function of the lymphatic system

A

collect fluid from tissue spaces and transport it to blood vascular system

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43
Q

nodes

A

convergence location for cunducting vessels

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44
Q

thoracic duct

A

the terminal main trunk of the lymphatic system

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45
Q

Where is lymph fluid eventually emptied

A

terminal lymph trunks for conveyance to the blood-vascular system

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46
Q

lymphocytes

A

type of white blood cell that are formed in lymph nodes and added to lymph fluid while in the nodes

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47
Q

what has replaced lymphography

A

MRI

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48
Q

angiography

A

general term refering to radiologic examinartion of vascular structures after the introduction of a contrast medium

49
Q

arteriography

A

refers to the radiologic exam of arteries via contrast injection

50
Q

venography

A

refers to the radiologic examination of veins via contrast injection

51
Q

claudication

A

leg pain and cramping, caused by too little blood flow

52
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing of a vessel

53
Q

occlusion

A

blockage of a vessel

54
Q

aneurysm

A

weakened area of an artery that is “ballooned”

55
Q

arteriovenous malformation

A

an abnormal tangle of blood vessels that causes irregular arteries and veins

56
Q

nonionic is less

A

nephrotoxic

57
Q

what contrast media is usually used

A

water-soluble iodinated medium - nonionic

58
Q

Nonionic contrast medium is

A

high viscosity and low osmolar

59
Q

what can be used for pretreatment before an exam with contrast media

A

antihistamines and steroids

60
Q

embyolis

A

floating clot

61
Q

urticaria

A

hives caused by an anaphylactic reaction

62
Q

angioedema

A

rapid edema or swelling underneath the skin

63
Q

what are things you can expect to see with a person who is experiencing anaphylactic shock

A

shallow breathing and weak and rapid heart rate

64
Q

misregistration

A

patient moved between the mask image and the next image

65
Q

magnifiaction factor equation

A

SID/SOD

66
Q

what are most guidewires coated with

A

hydrophilic plastic polymer coating

67
Q

introducer sheath

A

helps to safely stabilize and control access of the vasculature and reduces trauma to the vessel

68
Q

most common artery site for puncture

A

femoral

69
Q

most widely used method of catheterization

A

puncture of anterior wall of vessel only

70
Q

catheter infused with

A

heparinized saline

71
Q

pigtail catheter

A

special multiple side holes that allow higher volume of contrast media to be injected with less whiplash effect

72
Q

vasovagal reaction

A

sweating and nausea caused by a decrease in blood pressure- slows the heart rate

73
Q

neuro cardiogenic syncope

A

another name for vasovagal syncope- fainting

74
Q

visceral and peripheral =

A

dynamic practice

75
Q

first 3 vessels that branch off the aotra

A

brachiocephalic artery (innominate artery)
left common carotid
left subclavian artery

76
Q

what does cerebral angiography demonstrate

A

blood vessels of the brain

77
Q

where does the ICA enter the cranium

A

carotid canal- part of the foramen lacerum

78
Q

AVM

A

arteriovenous malformations

79
Q

vertebral arteries enter the brain through the

A

foramen magnum

80
Q

what is transit time of cerebral circulation

A

3 seconds

81
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

blood clot in a deep vein in the leg

82
Q

is interventional radiology therapeutic or diagnostic

A

both

83
Q

transcatheter embolization

A

procedure that uses particles such as tiny gelatin sponges or beads to block blood vessels

84
Q

TIPS

A

Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

85
Q

three main purposes for transcatheter embolization

A

stop active bleeding sites
control blood flow to diseased or malformed vessels
stop or reduce blood flow to a particular area before surgery

86
Q

what is an inferior vena cave filter used for

A

trap emboli to prevent pulmonary embolism

87
Q

what happens in a TIPS procedure

A

an artificial low-pressure pathway between the portal and hepatic veins is created

88
Q

what is TIPS procedure used to reduce

A

portal hypertension and associated variceal bleeding in patients with liver disease

89
Q

thrombolytic therapy

A

used to dissolve thrombus intravascularly

90
Q

what is cardiac catheterization

A

minor surgical procedure involving the introduction of special catheters into the heart, great vessels and coronary arteries

91
Q

most definitive procedure for visualizing coronary anatomy

A

coronary angiography

92
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

93
Q

PTCA

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

94
Q

CAD

A

Coronary artery disease

95
Q

PAD

A

peripheral artery disease

96
Q

Moribund patient

A

not growing or changing, without force or vitality. stagnant

97
Q

cardiac procedures require an _____ _____exposure time

A

extremely short

98
Q

frames per second for a cardiac procedure

A

15 to 30 frames per second

99
Q

hemodynamic parameters

A

blood pressure and cardiac output

100
Q

cardiac output=

A

indicator of overall ability of heart to pump blood

101
Q

best indicator of heart function

A

cardiac output

102
Q

two main trunks of the heart

A

aorta and pulmonary trunk

103
Q

pulmonary arteries carry

A

oxygen poor blood

104
Q

pulmonary veins carry

A

oxygen rich blood

105
Q

endomyocardial biopsy

A

tissue sample for direct pathologic evaluation of cardiac muscle to monitor transplants for rejection and to differentiate cardiomyopathies

106
Q

electrophysiology is used for

A

analyzing condiction system, inducing arrhythmias, evaluating arrhythmias, determining the effect of treatment for arrhythmias

107
Q

coronary atherectomy device

A

rotorblator used for PTCRA

108
Q

where do the vertebral arteries arise from

A

the right and left subclavian

109
Q

right side of the heart handles

A

venous or deoxygenated blood

110
Q

left side of the heart handles

A

arterial or oxygenated blood

111
Q

what supplies blood to the myocardium

A

coronary arteries

112
Q

TEE

A

transesophageal echocardiography

113
Q

what is the purpose of a vena cava filter

A

trap venous emboli from migrating to the pulmonary arteries causing a pulmonary embolus

114
Q

purpose of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt

A

decrease portal hypertension

115
Q

what pathology leads to a patient needing a TIPS procedure

A

portal hypertension- increased resistance in blood flow through the liver which elevates the blood pressure of the portal circulation

116
Q

peripheral angiography

A

uses contrast to help find blocked or narrowed arteries

117
Q

what are lower limb venograms used for

A

visualize thrombosis of the deep veins of the legs prior to intervention

118
Q

what is the modality of choice to diagnose deep vein thrombosis

A

Ultrasound

Special Procedures (10 decks)

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