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cell bio test 3 > vascular biology 2 and 3 > Flashcards

vascular biology 2 and 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the componets of the tunica medial

A

lesss connective tissue lots of musclualr tissue

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2
Q

if you see prominent internal and external elastic membran what are you looking at

A

a muscular artery

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3
Q

what are the changes associated with changes in aging of musclualr artery

A

thicking of the tunica intima, some reorganixzation of the elastic membrane. Later even more intima less media

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4
Q

if the wall to lumen ration is 1 to 1 what are you looking at

A

an arteriole

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5
Q

how is blood directed in capilaires

A

sphictor muscles

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6
Q

how big is the luman of a caplilairy compared to a reb blood cell

A

just slightly larger to allow it ot leave

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7
Q

what are the three types of capillaires

A

contiuious, fenestrated , sinusoid

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8
Q

what is a pericyte

A

embraces the endothylium of campliary contractile cells help pump and can become smooth muscle or fibroblasts, is a mesencylmal cells

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9
Q

what kind of connections do dontinous capullaries have

A

tight junction between cells

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10
Q

what forms a trans endothelouim chanal in continous capillaires

A

large numbers of vessicles of endocytoic vessels not leaky fluid

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11
Q

how is the basal lamina in encitnous capillaires

A

continous

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12
Q

where do you find continous caplilliares

A

brain muscle connective tissue and exocrine glands

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13
Q

where do you find fenestrated capilliires

A

in the kidneys endocrine glands int3estines

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14
Q

how are the pores closed in a fenestraed caplilaires

A

by a thin diaphram

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15
Q

how is the basal lamina in fenestrated capillaires

A

continous

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16
Q

what is distinicitive about sinosoidal capiliaries

A

basal mambrane absent or discontinous or absent and large pores

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17
Q

where is the sinusoidal caplilliares found

A

in the liver red bone marrow spleen andrenal cortex very large door areas of great exchange

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18
Q

what are pericytic venules

A

the smallest veins

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19
Q

what is the differnce between a venoual and a arterieol

A

very small limuen porus

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20
Q

when pericutic venuals join up what do they form

A

muscular venules

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21
Q

why are leaky venuals during inflamation benificial

A

they allow the movement of luekocytes into the epithilium by passing throught the intercellular junction

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22
Q

what do small veins have that its precursors don’t

A

smooth muscles, and leaflets that

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23
Q

what do the leaflets do in veins

A

they function as valves to close the viens when blood flows in the wrong direction.

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24
Q

compared to a artiery how is the tunica media and tunica adventidia

A

vien tunica media smaller tunica adventicia much larger

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25
Q

what changes in the large or protal veins svc …ect

A

in the tunical adventitila you see longitudanl arrengment of the muscle helps to propel blood forward.

26
Q

what is casulogensis

A

de novo vessle formation

27
Q

what is angiogenisis

A

growth from existing ec derived channels

28
Q

whant is arteriogensis

A

formation of arterie arterieo and collateral vessel remodeling

29
Q

neocastulaization

A

inclides all three genisis terms

30
Q

what do epc does

A

enodotheluil precursor bone marrow one suours respond to hormones

31
Q

what are the three functions of EPC

A

replace lost enotheluial cells, re endothelization of zascular implants, neovascularixation of organ wounds and tumors

32
Q

what are the steps in blood vessel formation from preexisting blood vessles

A

Vasodilation due to NO and increased vascular permeability induced by VEGF of pre-existing (parent) vessel ii. Proteolytic degradation of the basal lamina of the parent vessel by metalloproteinases. Endothelial cells must shed their cell-to-cell contacts (intercellular junctions). This loss of cell-to-cell contact is mediated by plasminogen activator. iii. Migration and proliferation of endothelial cells which have disrupted their cell-to-cell contacts. The migration and proliferation is induced by proangiogenic factors (e.g., VEGF and angiopoietin 2). Fibroblast growth factor-2 can also mediate endothelial cell migration and proliferation. iv. Endothelial cells mature into an endothelial capillary tube. v. Elaboration of basal lamina and recruitment of periendothelial cells. (pericytes for capillaries and pericytic venules and smooth muscle cells for larger vessels). Elaboration of basal lamina elements is mediated by TGF-β (tumor growth factor). Recruitment of periendothelial cells is mediated by the interaction of Ang 1 with the Tie2 receptor on endothelial cells. PDGR (platelet-derived growth factor) induces recruitment of smooth muscle cells. Angiopoietin (Ang) 2 is involved in the stabilization process. Ang2 bound to Tie2, in the absence of growth factors, makes the endothelial cell more responsive to antiangiogenic factors.

33
Q

what marker is associated with tumor growth

A

TEM8 rumor endothelia marker 8

34
Q

what is makes the great saphenous vein suitible for an arterioral bypass

A

large tunica media with circular musles and longituidinal muscles

35
Q

what hapends to a vessel with inceased blood flow

A

and incerase tin the outside and inside diamater but no increase I the wall size itself

36
Q

what hapends to a vessel with deceased blood flow

A

oustide and inside diamter get small and wall thickness does get smaller as well.

37
Q

what happends to a large vessel during increased pressure

A

wall thickness increased wall thiknces incerase from the outside the luman diameter unchanges

38
Q

what happends to a small vessel during increased pressure

A

wall thickness inceased from the inside

39
Q

endocarduim of the heart corresonds to what layer of the blood vessels

A

tunica intima

40
Q

what are the four layers of the endocarduim

A

endothelium simple squamous, subendothelial, myoelastic lsayer smooth much als elastic collagen fibers, and subendocarium made of loos CT small bood vessels nerve fibers and purkinje cells in ventricles.

41
Q

what are the three types of cariocytes (tunica media)

A

contractile myoednocrine and conductive

42
Q

what do the meoendocrine cells release

A

atrial natriuretic factor , be tyope natruietic dactor, diuresis and casodiliatioin,

43
Q

what type endocrine in the heart is incresased with heart faul

A

B type is elevated

44
Q

what is the vessel comparison of epicarduim

A

tunica advertitia

45
Q

what can you find in the epicaruim

A

meothelium simple squamous and basal lamina and subepicardium

46
Q

what connects the cardiad muscle and the valves are anchored

A

cariac skeleton

47
Q

what does the fibrous skeleton insulate

A

the ventricles from the atruim so the pulse wont go from one to another

48
Q

what structures are found in the caridac skeleton

A

annuli fibrosa trigona fibrosa and septum membranaceum

49
Q

what are three layers of the AV valves

A

atrialis layer of elastid collagen contracts the valve, Spongiosa loose CT shock absorber, Fibrosa core of dense irregular CT mechanical integrity

50
Q

what are the layers of the semilunar valves

A

fibrosa desnse irregular CT faces the great artery, spongiosa middle layer, and ventricularis venticular surface.

51
Q

what percent of the SA node is lost by humans by age 80

A

90%

52
Q

Sa nodel cells compared to atrial muscle cells are ?

A

smaller

53
Q

Bundle of his cells or perinje cells are what compared to atrial muscle cells

A

larger

54
Q

compared to ventricular muscles what is the glycogen content

A

more glycogen

55
Q

how many times does the heart muscle cells replace during a lifetime

A

10-15 times

56
Q

where are the cardiac stem cells and early committed cells reside

A

AV sulcas

57
Q

does a lymphatic capillary have a basal lamina

A

no or if yes its incomplete

58
Q

descrive lymphatic caplillaries

A

thin blind ended anchoring fibrils basal lamina incomplete no pericytes and smooth msucles cells are absent. Single layer of endothelial cells

59
Q

how can you tell the diffence between a vein and a lymph vessel

A

no red blood cells

60
Q

do lymphatic vessles have valves

A

yes

61
Q

lymphatic ducts describe them

A

smooth muscle is found casa vasorum and overabundance can indicate malignant tumor

62
Q

what is a aschoff body

A

a focus of lymphocytes plasma cells and macrophages.

cell bio test 3 (3 decks)

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