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cell bio test 3 > integument > Flashcards

integument Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the integument include?

A

skin sweat glands sebaceous gland hair and nails.

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2
Q

what are the function of the skin

A

protection, body temp regulation, reception, absorption, excretion.

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3
Q

where is thick skin found

A

palms and soles of feet

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4
Q

where is thin skin found

A

everywhere else

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5
Q

what does thin skin contain

A

hair follicle arrector pili muscles, sabaceous glands, sweat glands

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6
Q

what is the epidermis

A

the epithelial layer of skin contain stratified squamous keratinized

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7
Q

what is the dermis

A

loose CT dense irregular collagenous ct

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8
Q

which layer is avascular

A

the epidermis

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9
Q

what are the two cell types of the epidermis

A

keratinocytes and nonkeratinocytes

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10
Q

what is the diffence between the keratinocytes and the non

A

the keratinocytes have accumulated keratin filiments renewed at night desquamate every 20-30 days.

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11
Q

in what section of the slide would mitotic division occur in keratinocytes

A

the basal layer next to the membrane anchored with hemidesmosones

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12
Q

what time of day does mitosis take place in your keratinocytes

A

in the dark

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13
Q

what are the three types of nonkeratinocytes

A

langerhands cells merkel cells and melanocytes

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14
Q

what is the role of langerhans cells

A

defense cells protect from forieng antigens

derived from bone marrow reside in statum spinosum and interact with lymphocytes

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15
Q

what is the role of merkel cells

A

mechanoreceptors fine detial touch sensation.

found in statum basale form merkel cell neurite complexes with unmyelanated nerve terminals

fingertips

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16
Q

what is the role of melanocytes

A

sun umbrellas protect DNA from UV light form melanin

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17
Q

where do langerhans cells derive from

A

precursors inn the bone marrow go to blood stream then go to epidermis and stratam spinosum

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18
Q

what does a birmeck granule(veriform granules) inside of a langerhans cell look like

A

vessicle portion connected to a rod like extension

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19
Q

where are merkel cells found in abundance

A

finger tips and base of hair follicles

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20
Q

where is the merkel cell located

A

at the basal layer statum basale

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21
Q

what form the merkel cell neurite complexes

A

merkel cell and unmyelinated nerve terminal

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22
Q

what are melanocytes derived from

A

the neural crest

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23
Q

what do melanocytes make

A

melanin

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24
Q

where are melanocytes found in a cell

A

in the stratum basale and superficial dermis

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25
Q

what part of the melanocyte makes tyrosinase

A

the RER makes it and GA packages it into melanosomes

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26
Q

what parts of the epidermis have more melanocytes

A

the parts that are more exposed to the light

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27
Q

what causes races to have diffenent skin coloration

A

the number of melanocytes is the same it’s the activity of tyrosinase numver of melanin granulas sice and distribution and rate of breakdown of the granuals

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28
Q

how does the melanin get into adjecent cells to protect them

A

the melanocyte has cytoplasmic processes that invade its neighbors and then break down and release the melanin around the side of the nucleus exposed to the light.

29
Q

what is vitiligo

A

an autoimmune disease of melanocytes caues skin spots where no melanocyts reside.

30
Q

what is albinism

A

melanocyts don’t make melanin due to bad tyrosinase activity

31
Q

what are the strata of thick skin

A

stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, startum spinosum, stratum basale

32
Q

what does the stratum corneum do and what are its characteristics

A

it provides protection, callus fomation, no nuclei or organelles continouse desquamate due to no desmosones

33
Q

what does the stratum lucidum do and what are characteistics

A

protection no nuclei or organelles with keratin filiments light staining region

34
Q

what does the stratum granulosum do and what are the characteristics

A

water proofing does have nuclei apoptotic nuclear morphology, soft keratine granuels membran coating granules called lamellar bodies

35
Q

how does the stratum granulosum waterproof

A

exocytosis of lipid rich substancs form sheets of waterproofing aslo causing starvatoin of superficial layers becaue of lipid membrane that it forms.

36
Q

what does the stratum spinosum do and what are the characteristics

A

binding and protection, thick prominent statum interdigitating processes with desmosomes, prickly appearance bundles of intemedialte filomantes cytokeratine (tonofilaments) in cells of upper layers membrane coating franuls lamellar and mitosis in basal layer of the stratum (langerhans cells)

37
Q

what does the stratum basale do

A

germinativum, cell renewal achors epidermis to base membrane.

38
Q

what the characteristics of the stratum basale

A

single layer of cells desmosones bind to neighboring cells, lots of mitotic activity have hemidesmosones

39
Q

in stratum spinosum what forms the bridges between the cells

A

desmosones junctions between to interdigitatin processes of keratinocytes.

40
Q

what are the layers of thin skin

A

startum coreum, spinosum, and basale. Startum lucida and granulosa barely there.

41
Q

what is ichyosis

A

kyperkeratosis makes you have fish like scales.

42
Q

what glues the epidermis to the dermis

A

thebasement membrane

43
Q

what are the layers of the dermis that extend into the epidermas and where are they found

A

dermis papillae and can be found in high mechanical stress areas like soles of feetand palmes (thick skin areas)

44
Q

what forms our fingerprints

A

the dermal ridges

45
Q

what does the dermis do

A

it provides the nutritional needs of the epidermis

46
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis

A

the papillary layer and the reticular layer

47
Q

what does the papilary layer do and what is it made of

A

forms the papillae to provide nutrients makde of loose CT reticular fibers elsastic fibers anchoring ribrils VII and meissner corpuscles (mechanorecptors)

48
Q

what are kreause end bulbs

A

thermoreceptors

49
Q

into what level do 2nd deree burns extend

A

papillary layer if superfical and reticular if deep.

50
Q

what is the reticular layer made of

A

Dense irregular CT type 1 collagen thick elastic fibers proteoglycans fibroblasts, mast cells lymphocytes macrophages fat cells hair follicle arrector pili muscles sebaaceous glands sweat glands

51
Q

what two types of receptors are found in the reticular layer

A

pacinian corpuscles detect pressure/vibrations, and ruffini corpuscles are tensile forces numerous in soles of feet.

52
Q

is the hypodermis part of the skin

A

no its part of the subcutanous layer superficial facia layer

53
Q

what do eccrine sweat glands do

A

thermoregulators found by themselves, simple coiled tubular glandslocatd in deep dermis or hypodermis innervate3d by symphathetic fibers cholinergic endings.

54
Q

what three things run with hiar

A

the folliclue eractor pili muscles and the sebaceous glands

55
Q

what what types of cells make the errine sweat glands

A

simple cubodial to low colimnar

56
Q

what type of cells surround the secretory unit

A

myoepitheial cells help squeeze the sweat out.

57
Q

where are apoceine sweat glands found

A

axilla areola and anal region

58
Q

what activates the apocrine sweat glands

A

hormones so start at puberty

59
Q

what activates the function of sebaceous glands

A

hormones again starts after puberty

60
Q

what type of secretion method do sebacous cells use

A

holocrine

61
Q

what type of secretion method do apocrine and eccrine cells us

A

merocrine

62
Q

what is the acinus made of in sebaceous glands

A

the small basal cells immature on the basal lamina and the larger round cells that are degenerating

63
Q

what is the duct made of in sebacous glands

A

stratified squamous epithelium

64
Q

what are the three types of hairs

A

vellus soft short hair like eyelids, terminal long course on scalp and eybrowns, and lanugo on fetus

65
Q

what are the parts of the hair follicles

A

hair root” dermal papilla and matrix” external root sheath, internal root sheath “henlesys outer, huxleuys middle , and cuticle inner layer” and hair shaft “medulla inner, cortex middle, and cuticle outer”

66
Q

what type of muscles is the arrector pili muscles

A

smooth muscles

67
Q

what innervates the erctor papillu

A

sympathetic innervation

68
Q

be able to identif the nail plate and nail bed

A

good job

69
Q

where does nail growth occue

A

in the nail matrix

cell bio test 3 (3 decks)

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