Vascular Flashcards
Early and late signs of acute limb ischaemia
- Early: pain and parasthesia
- Late: Pallor, cold and paralysis
Diagnostics for acute ischaemia
- Doppler
- ECG
- Bloods
- Creatine kinase (rhabdomylisis)
Classification for acute limb ischaemia
-Rutherford
Commonest cause of Compartment syndrome and its clinical sign
- Limb reperfusion after ischaemia
- Crescendo pain
Definition AAA
- Risk factor
- Diagnostics
Permenant focal dilation of 50%+ artery normal size
(increasing size is biggest factor for rupture)
-Males 4x increased risk
-abdominal USS
2 main types of PAD
- Intermittant claudication (limb angina - improves rest)
- Critical ischaemia (wakes from sleep, sleep upright)
Diagnostics for PAD and contraindications
Ankle Brachial Plexus index
-Diabetes or CKD can have skewed readings due to calcified arteries
2 manifestations of PVD
- Varicose veins (superficial)
- Heamosiderin (varicose) eczema
Venous ulcers
- Character
- Site
- Size
- Shape
- Exudate
- Base
- Very painful - relieved on elevation, after immobilization
- Gaiter (medial malleolus)
- Large and shallow
- Irregular
- Some exudate
- Granulating base
Arterial ulcers
- Character
- Site
- Size
- Shape
- Base
- Painful - worse on elevation
- Pressure sites and toes
- Small and deep
- Punched out-defined
- Granulating base
Diabetic ulcers
- Character
- Site
- Size
- Shape
- Base
- Painless usually neuropathy
- Feet
- Variable size and depth
- Punched out
- Granulating base
Treatment for ulcers
Arterial and Venous - compression
Diabetic - podiatry and vascular
What is a main cause of iatrogenic DVT
PICC line insertion
Necrobiosis lipoidica
Occurs with diabetes and RA, bruised appearance on shins, can ulcerate. Often begin painless.
