Vascular Flashcards
what are the 6 Ps of acute limb ischaemia
Pallor Perishingly cold Parasthesia Paralysis Pulseless Pain (7th - Pistol shot onset)
signs of peripheral vascular disease
hair loss, numbness, weakness, brittle, slow growing toenails
shiny colour of skin
ulcers, poor wound healing
describe the ABPI test and its results
measure 4 ankle and 2 arm pressures then calculate right and left ABPI (ankle pressure / arm pressure) <1 = circulatory problems >0.9 = borderline 0.5-0.9 = PAD <0.5 = critical limb ischaemia
what can an ABPI score of >1.3 indicate
calcification of the arteries, often in diabetics, renal failures and sometimes heavy smokers
what is Buerger’s test
raise the leg, watch colour
normal = no pallor even at 90 degrees
<20 degrees is a +ve test
management of PVD`
risk factor modification
clopidogrel to reduce MI/stroke risk
surgery if the above fail
angioplasty, reconstruction, amputation
define AAA
permanent and irreversible localised dilatation of the abdominal aorta by more than 50% of its normal diameter
(>3cm)
most common location of a AAA
90% occur below the renal arteries
how may a ruptured AAA present
sudden, severe pain in abdomen, back hypotension pulsatile and expansile abdominal mass syncope, shock, collapse sudden death
at what point is surgical management of a AAA indicated
if aneurysm is >5.5cm, rupture, rapid expansion, or onset of sinister symptoms
what are some symptoms varicose veins can cause
pain, cramp, tingling, heaviness, itching, restlessness
what complications can varicose veins lead to
carcinoma/sarcoma in longstanding venous ulcers
thrombophlebitis
acute fat necrosis
management of varicose veins
avoid prolonged standing, support stockings, lose weight
radiofrequency ablation
surgery - effective long term
