Vascular Flashcards

1
Q

vascular tone is a critical determinant of

A

peripheral resistance

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2
Q

drugs that act on peripheral vasculature

A

inodilators
calcium channel blockers
adrenergic drugs
nitric oxide producers

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3
Q

are vasodilators beneficial for heart failure?

A

beneficial fro many types of heart failure (venous congestion, regurgitating blood flow, decreased tissue perfusion)

BUT NOT ALL PATIENTS WILL BENEFIT

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4
Q

Arterial vasodilation will

A

decrease resistance against which ventricle must pump (afterload)

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5
Q

venous vasodilation reduce filling pressures of right and left ventricles and decreases

A

preload

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6
Q

vascular smooth muscle contraction is different than cardiac muscle contraction and can be triggered by

A

passive stretching, electrical stimulation, chemical stimulation (receptor binding triggering Ca release from SR)

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7
Q

main players in control of vascular tone

A

adrenergic receptors (systemic), angiotensin II (systemic), bradykinin (local), prostaglandins (local), and nitric oxide (local)

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8
Q

all calcium channel blockers have some

A

vasodilatory effects

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9
Q

calcium channel blockers act by

A

blocking calcium influx into vascular smooth muscle cells

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10
Q

which calcium channel blocker has the most potent vasodilator effects

A

amlodipine and has less direct effects on the heart

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11
Q

amlodipine used to treat

A

systemic hypertension, not arrhythmias
- first choice for hypertension in cats with chronic renal failure
-treatment for mitral regurgitation in dogs (decreases after load)

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12
Q

goal of hypertension treatment is

A

gradual decrease in blood pressure with a minimal goal of achieving a systolic blood pressure of less than 160mm Hg

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13
Q

what adrenergic receptors are main regulators of systemic blood vessel tone

A

alpha 1 agonists

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14
Q

alpha 1 antagonists do what

A

dilate arteries and veins

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15
Q

some drugs may have a1 antagonism as an additional or adverse effect. examples

A

acepromazine, quinidine, carvedilol

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16
Q

drugs with indirect cardiovascular effects

A

diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor blockers

17
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors examples

A

enalapril, benazepril, imidapril

18
Q

ACE inhibitors do what

A

vasodilation (decrease TPR and after load)
diuretic effect through a decrease in aldosterone
decrease sympathetic input to heart

19
Q

ACE inhibitors adverse effects

A

hypotension, decreased aldosterone

20
Q

ACE inhibitors have a delayed onset of action due to partly

A

they’re pro drugs that require conversion to active metabolites - takes 1-2 weeks to see magnitude of response. therefore, NOT FOR ACUTE THERAPY but management

21
Q

do ACE inhibitors increase lifespan ?

A

yes

22
Q

do Angiotensin II receptor blockers have similar effects to ACE inhibitors?

A

yes

23
Q

telmisartan - what is it

A

angiotensin II receptor blocker

24
Q

telmisartan effects

A

treatment of hypertension and proteinuria associated with CKD
effective for blood pressure reduction

25
Q

adverse effects of telmisartan?

A

GI effects, hypotension, anemia

-FETOTOXIC!!!!!

26
Q

diuretics goal

A

reduce blood volume and mobilize edema

  • furosemide diuretic of choice for cardiovascular dz