Vascular Flashcards
What % of blood goes to the pulmonary circulation
9%
What % of blood goes to the artieres
20%
What % of blood is in the veins
64%
What % of blood stays in the heart
7%
What is the order of the vascular muscle wall anatomy from inside out
Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Externa
What type of blood vessel is mostly responsible for moderating the amount of blood flow to areas of the body
Arterioles
What is arterial pressure primarily regulated by
Circulatory vessel changes (contriction/dilation)
What is the wall thickness and contents of arteries
Thick walls with more smooth muscle and elastin
What is the wall thickness and contents of veins
Thin walls with less smooth muscle and elastin
What is the purpose in the different wall structures of arteries and veins
Arteries are made to withstand high pressures whereas veins are able to adapt to low pressures and hold more blood
What is the elsatin content in ateries and veins respectively
Arteries - high elastin
Veins - low elastin (more stretchy)
What is the only artery to contain valves
Pulmonary Artery
What is the structure of the tunica intima
inner endothelial lining of the blood vessels
What is the structure of the tunica media
Middle smooth muscle layer (also contains elastin fibres)
What is the structure of the tunica externa
outer layer of connective tissue, holding vessels together
What type of valves are in veins
bicuspid
What is the glycocalyx
Negatively charged sugar proteins that coats all healthy vessels endothelium
What is the function of glycocalyx in regards to fluid dynamics
Provides intraluminal ‘oncotic’ pressure which limits the movement of fluid to the interstitial space, stopping edema
How can the glycocalyx be damaged
ischemia, hyperglycemia, inflammation, hypertension
What is the structure of large elastic arteries and some examples
contain substantial amounts of elastic fibres in the tunica media
e.g aorta and brachiocephalic trunk
What is the structure of medium muscular arteries and some examples
tunica media contains mostly smooth muscle fibres
e.g femoral, axillary and radial arteries
Where is the thoracic aorta located
anterior to the vertebral column, posterior to the heart, in the space at the end of the plura
What does the thoracic aorta branch into
Branches to supply the chest wall (intercostal arteries), oeasophogus and respiratory tree
What are paired and unpaired branches of arteries
Paired - arteries where two of them exist (left and right)
Unpaired - only one of its kind exist