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Physiology - Hayley > Biostatistics > Flashcards

Biostatistics Flashcards

1
Q

Examples of categorical data

A

Male/female
Pregnant/Non pregnant
Smoker/non smoker

Blood types
non-smoker/ex-smoker/light smoker/heavy smoker/ect

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2
Q

What is the likert scale

A

Type of categorical data

“strongly agree, agree, neither, disagree, strongly disagree”

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3
Q

A histogram is used to display categorical data - true or false

A

False - a bar chart is used because the data is NOT continuous

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4
Q

To describe the central tendency of categorical data, what value is used

A

Median or Mode (NOT MEAN)

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5
Q

What is the measure of central tendancy of continuous data

A

Mean, median and mode

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6
Q

In a box and whisker plot, what percentile does each line/part of the box represent

A

Bottom line of box - 25th percentile
Middle line - 50%
Top line of box - 75th percentile

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7
Q

What is the equation of varience

A

Varience = (value of one observation - mean)^2 / n-1

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8
Q

What is the equation for standard deviation

A

Square root of varience

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9
Q

What % of data will lie within 2 SD of the mean

A

95%

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10
Q

On a normal distibution graph (bell curve), what point signifies the mean and standard deviation, respectfully

A

The peak of the belll curve is the mean

Either side of this is the SD

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11
Q

What is a 95% confidence interval

A

A range which contains the true population mean with a probability of 0.95

99% of the data will be within 3 SD of the mean

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12
Q

A positively skewed distribution is skewed in what direction

A

Left

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13
Q

What does the P value describe

A

The probability of having observed our data when the null hypothesis is true

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14
Q

We reject the null hypothosis when the P value is what

A

less then 0.05

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15
Q

In hypothesis testing you are always trying to prove the null hypothesis

A

True

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16
Q

What are 2 dangers of P vales

A

Over reliance of use of P-values
Misinterpretation of P values

17
Q

We are more likely to find a statistical difference in a one sided test - true or false

A

True

18
Q

What is type one error

A

When you choose to reject the null hypothosis when you shouldnt

19
Q

What is a type 2 error

A

Usually occurs due to small sample sizes

20
Q

What is the main difference between paramtric and non-parametric data

A

In parametric you are assuming normal distribution.
There are little assumptions in non-parametric tests

21
Q

What are some assumption in T tests

A

Each pair of observations is completed unrelated to every other pair
Normally distributed
Roughly equal SD of both groups (<2)

22
Q

What is the null hypothesis usually in parametric tests

A

No difference between the values

23
Q

T tests and one way ANOVA are parametric tests - true or false

A

True

24
Q

What is the non-parametric equavilent to a T test

A

Mann Whitney Test

25
Q

What measure of central tendancy is used in Mann Whitney Tests

A

Median

26
Q

When is a one way ANOVA test used

A

To compare the continuous variable in three or more independant groups

27
Q

How do you calculate risk between two categories

A

Number of people (people who got flu after vaccine)/total number of people in the whole category (everyone that got the vaccine)

28
Q

When would you use a fishers test over a chi square test

A

If the sample size if no big enough for the chi square, use the fisher

29
Q

If there is a P value < 0.05 in a chi square test, what does this tell us about the risk between the two values

A

There is evidence that the who categories related in risk (e.g eyestrain is related to work occupation)

30
Q

What does it mean when you get a P value of 0.32 in a fishers test

A

Cannot reject the null hypothesis - no difference between the categories

31
Q

What is the difference between the SEM and SD

A

SEM measures how far away the sample mean is from the true population mean

SD measures scatter of data, or dispersion of individual data plots from the sample mean

32
Q

How is SEM claculated

A

SEM = SD / √n

33
Q

What type of data would we use a unpaired T test for

A

2 groups - unpaired, paramentric data

34
Q

What type of data would we use a paired T test for

A

2 groups - paired data, parametric

35
Q

What type of data would we use a Man-Witney Test for

A

2 groups - independant, non-parametric data

36
Q

What type of data would we use a oneway ANOVA for

A

3+ groups - independant, parametric data

37
Q

What type of data would we use a repated measured ANOVA for

A

3+ groups - related, parametric data

38
Q
A

Physiology - Hayley (9 decks)

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