Varitey of living organisms Flashcards
What are the 5 kingdoms?
Bacteria Protoctists Fungi Plants Animals
What characteristics do all living organisms share?
Movement Respiration Sensitivity Control Growth Reproduction Excretion Nutrition
What are characteristics of plants?
- Multicellular
- Contain chloaplasts
- Able to carry out photosynthesis
- Cellulose cell wall (complex carbohydrate structure)
- Store carbohydrates as starch and sucrose
Give some examples of plants
- Herbaceous legumes (peas and beans)
- Cereals (maize)
What are characteristics of animals?
- Multicellular
- Do not contain chlorphyll
- Unable to carry out photosynthesis
- No cell wall
- Have a coordination nervous system
- Often store carbohydrates as glycogen
Give some examples of animals
House fly, mosquito and humans.
What are the characteristics of fungi?
- Single celled
- Body organised into a mycelium
- Not able to photosynthesis
- Cell wall made of chitin
- Saprotrophic nutrition
- May store carbohydrates as glycogen
What is saprotrophic nutrition?
A type of feeding where digestive enzymes are secreted outside the cells. The digested products are reabsorbed into the fungi.
Give examples of fungi
Mycelium of mucor and yeast
What is mycelium?
A large tangled mass of threads
What should you label on the picture of a mycelium of mucor?
- Spore case
- Spores (a sexual reproductive structure)
- Hypha (hyphae pl)
- Mycelium
What is yeast?
A unicellular fungi used in the food and drink industry. They do no reproduce by spores like other fungi but do by budding.
What would be labelled on a yeast cell?
- Cell membrane
- Nucleus
- Cell wall
- Mitochondria
What are characteristics of bacteria?
- Microscopic single celled organisms
- Simple cell structure with no nucleus but a single circular chromosome of DNA
- Most feed on either dead or living organisms
- Some can carry out photosynthesis
- Some have flagellum which allows them swim
What would you label on a bacterium?
- Cell wall
- DNA strand
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
- Some have plasmid (ring of DNA)
What do plasmid often carry?
A gene that is resistant to antibodies eg MRSA
Give examples of some bacteria
Lactabacillus bulgaricus and pvneumococeus
What is lactobacillus?
Long rod shape used in production of yoghurt from milk
Pnemococcus
Spherical bacteria that are the cause of pneumonia
What are characteristics of protoctists?
- Microscopic single celled organisms
- Some are animal like, some are plant like
Give examples of protoctists
Amoba - have animal like features
Chorella - have plant like features (have chloroplasts)
Plasmodium - a pathogenic responsible for malaria
What are characteristics of viruses?
- Small particles (smaller than bacteria)
- Parasitic and can only reproduce in living cells
- No cellular structure but a protein coat
- Contain one type of nucleic (DNA or RNA)
What would you label on a virus diagram?
- Protein coat
- Antigens (DNA or RNA)
- Genetic information
What are pathogens?
Organisms that cause disease
Give examples of viruses
- Influenza virus
- Tobacco mosaic virus (makes leaves of tobacco plants discoloured by stopping them from producing chloroplasts)
- HIV
What organisms do pathogens include?
Some fungi, protoctists, bacteria and viruses.
Give an example of a pathogen from:
Protoctists
Bacterium
Viruses
Protoctists: Plasmodium, which causes maleria
Bacterium: Pneumococcus, which causes pneumonia
Viruses: Influenza (causes flu) and HIV (causes AIDS)
