Various Questions - Unit 14

Question 1

What are the three forms of carbon?

Answer 1

Graphite, diamond, fullerenes

Question 2

What are three ways that carbon atoms can be arranged in a hydrogen molecule?

Answer 2

1. Straight-chain
2. branched-chain
3. rings

Question 3

What is an isomer?

Answer 3

A substance that shares its molecular formula with another substance, but the substances have different properties because their arrangement is different

Question 4

What are the three main fossil fuels? What phase state are each in?

Answer 4

Coal - solid
Natural gas - liquid
Petroleum - liquid

Question 5

What happens to sunlight during photosynthesis?

Answer 5

It is converted into the chemical energy stored in the covalent bonds of glucose molecules

Question 6

Describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Answer 6

The products of one are the reactants of the other

Question 7

What would happen to the reactions in a person’s body if they did not have enough of the essential amino acids?

Answer 7

The body would not be able to produce enzymes needed for cellular reactions

Question 8

Two ping-pong balls are suspended from strings so that they hang at the same height with a small gap between them. When air is blown between them, they touch. Why?

Answer 8

Bernoulli’s principle states that the pressure of a moving substance decreases if it moves faster. The moving air between the balls has less pressure than outside the balls, so the pressure outside the balls pushed them together

Question 9

Why is diamond very hard, but graphite very soft?

Answer 9

graphite has layers that aren’t bonded as tightly as diamond is

Question 10

what are vitamins?

Answer 10

organic compounds that organisms need in small amounts, but cannot produce themselves

Question 11

what are the 4 classes of biochemical compounds?

Answer 11

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Question 12

what are the 3 types of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and what are their unique characteristics?

Answer 12

Alkenes - at least one double bonds

aromatic hydrocarbons - at least one double bond, found in circular patterns

alkynes - at least one triple bond

Question 13

what are the products of photosynthesis? of cellular respiration?

Answer 13

photosynthesis: carbohydrates and oxygen

cellular respiration: carbon dioxide and water vapor

Question 14

1.What is a saturated hydrocarbon?
2. What is the name given to them?

Answer 14

1. A hydrocarbon that contains only single bonds and has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom
2. Alkanes

Question 15

What roles to enzymes play in cells?

Answer 15

Accelerators and catalysts of reactions that take place in cells

Question 16

Some people believe that houses can explode outwards during a hurricane or tornado. Why?

Answer 16

The pressure inside the house remains the same as the atmospheric pressure. The low-pressure, fast-moving air outside will create a pressure difference between the outside and inside of the house, which will cause the house to explode.

Question 17

Why is it important to make sure that there is plenty of air around a gas burner?

Answer 17

If a gas fire doesn’t have enough oxygen, it causes incomplete combustion which produces a deadly gas called carbon monoxide.