Various Pacts and Doctrines

Question 1

The Kennedy Doctrine

Answer 1

1961 warned Soviets to stay out of the Western Hemisphere
•Expanded on it at the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis Oct. 22 1962
• Warning specifically against Nuclear attacks from Cuba

Question 2

Khrushchev’s Secret Speech

Answer 2

1956 Feb 25
•Denunciation of Stalin by Khrushchev started the process of de-stalinisation
• Condemned Stalin’s failed policies

Question 3

The Brezhnev Doctrine

Answer 3

November 1968
• Justify the invasion of Czechoslovakia
•Proclaimed that the Soviet Union could intervene in the international affairs of any communist state if socialism intervened

Question 4

The Nixon Doctrine

Answer 4

New Asian policy aimed to ensure nothing like Vietnam could occur again
• No longer happy to supply man power but still happy to provide material and economy aid
•Basically calling for Vietnamization
•setting precedence for Afghanisation

Question 5

The Sinatra Doctrine

Answer 5

A joke name used by Gorbachev 16 days before the Berlin Wall fell
•Basically announced that Warsaw Pact allies were free to determine their own form of govt. 1989

Question 6

Baghdad Pact - CENTO

Answer 6

Central Trade Organisation
• 1954 - 55
•Members: Iraq, Britain, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and the US
•Purpose: Mutual Defence Alliance

Question 7

SEATO

Answer 7

South East Asian Treaty Organisation
• 1954
•Members: US, Britain, France, Australia, Pakistan, NZ, Thailand and the Philippines
• Purpose: military, economic and social cooperation
• check the spread of red

Question 8

NATO

Answer 8

North Atlantic Treaty Organisation
• April 1949
•Members: Norway, Iceland, Denmark, Portugal, Italy, US, Canada, Greece, Turkey and West Germany (don’t need to know them all)
•Military cooperation and combined forces

Question 9

WEU/Brussels Pact

Answer 9

• 1948
Members: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Britain, Italy, and West Germany
• Purpose: to secure nations against communists by coordinating Western European defence
•pledge of mutual aid

Question 10

ANZUS

Answer 10

• Sep 1951
• Members: Australia, US, and NZ
• Purpose: Mutual defence alliance

Question 11

The Johnson Doctrine

Answer 11

• May 1965

* Stated that the US would never again permit the establishment of a communist regime in the Western Hemisphere

Question 12

The Carter Doctrine

Answer 12

• 21 January 1980
• Return to previous Cold War policy of containment
• Any attempt by the Soviet Union to gain control of the Persian Gulf region will be responded to with force
• Created due to the Afghan war

Question 13

The Eisenhower Doctrine

Answer 13

• 1957
• Basically stipulated that the USA would intervene in the Middle East if any govt. threatened by a communist takeover asked for help

Question 14

The Truman Doctrine

Answer 14

12 March 1947
• Asking congress for money to ensure economic stability and orderly political processes - containment of communism
• Declaration of the Cold War
• Inspired the Marshall Plan
• Cause of the US involvement in Vietnam and Korea
• Started red scare in US