Various conditions information Flashcards
Refeeding syndrome lab findings
rapid declines in phosphorus, potassium, magnesium
what is Hirschsprung disease ?
infants - distal large intestine missing nerve cells; therefore internal anal sphincter unable to relax
clinical presentation of Hirschsprung disease
Bilious vomiting
Distended abdomen
Failure to pass meconium
Failure of internal anal sphincter relaxation
what puts a child at risk for Reye syndrome?
use of salicylates for fever control
recent viral illness (flu, chicken pox)
clinical presentation of Reye syndrome
fever, lethargy, acute encephalopathy (vomiting, severe altered level of consciousness) and altered hepatic function
what is PKU?
lack of enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine
what is the treatment for PKU?
low-phenylalanine diet (no dairy, eggs, meat)
need special formula as a baby
lifelong thing
low-phenylalanine foods (fruits and veg)
what is acromegaly?
overproduction in growth hormone
clinical presentation of acromegaly?
overgrowth of soft tissues of face, hands, feet, organs
what is normal PAWP and what is it a measure of?
6-12 mmHg and it measures preload
without knowing lab results, what is a clinical manifestation of hypokalemia?
muscle cramps
what is homynous hemianopsia?
a loss of half of the visual field on the same side
what is priapism?
sustained, painful erection
what is the main concern after tracheostomy placement?
dislodgement
what is sjogren’s syndrome
autoimmune against moisture-producing exocrine glands
s and s of hypomagnesemia
ventricular arrhythmias, neuromuscular excitability
s and s of hypercalcemia
constipation and polyuria – calcium has diuretic effect
s and s of hypernatremia
increased thirst and dry mucous membranes
s and s of hypokalemia
weakness/paralysis or soft flabby muscles, paralytic ileus, cardiac arrhythmias
partial pressures and pH that indicate acute respiratory failure
PaO2 <60, PaCO2 >50, pH <7.30
what is the immediate intervention for acute respiratory failure?
high O2 or possible mechanical ventilation
above what amount of output per hour from chest tube is reportable to the HCP?
> 100 ml/hr
what symptom happens with skin when jaundiced?
itching
where is gallbladder pain felt?
RUQ radiating to R shoulder
what is the goal systolic pressure in permissive hypertension after a stroke?
> 170 mmHg
if someone has permissive hypertension after stroke, what BP would necessitate treatment
> 220/110 mmHg
what is the cause of malignant hyperthermia
predisposition is genetic
uncontrolled release of calcium in muscles - causing hypermetabolic activity = hyperthermia
early signs of malignant hyperthermia?
hypercapnia
muscle rigidity
*temperature increase is a late sign
signs of peritonitis
guarding of abdomen increased temp and chills pallor abdominal distention and pain restlessness tachycardia and tachypnea
intussusception infants
colicky abdominal pain - screaming and drawing knees up vomiting of gastric contents bile-stained fecal emesis currant jelly stools (blood and mucus) abnormal bowel sounds tender, distended abdomen
what is the main clinical presentation difference between DKA and Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state
no kussmaul resps or abdominal pain
what parameters constitute hypertensive emergency?
> 180 mmHg systolic and/or >120 diastolic
what is trisomy 18?
aka Edwards syndrome
chromosome anomaly
severe cardiac defects and multiple musculoskeletal deformities
Life expectancy a few weeks after birth
what is cushings triad associated with?
increasing ICP
what is cushings triad
bradycardia, rising systolic blood pressure/widening pulse pressure, and irregular respirations
what characterizes 1st degree heart block?
long PR intervals (>0.20 seconds)
what characterizes 2nd degree type 1 heart block?
irregular P waves, dropped R waves, irregular R waves, long PR intervals
*cyclic progressive lengthening of PR interval until QRS drops
what characterizes 2nd degree type 2 heart block?
dropped and therefore irregular R waves
what characterizes 3rd degree or complete heart block?
P & R waves firing independently (out of sync)
both are regular
no real pattern to PR interval because of out of sync
