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NCLEX > Various conditions information > Flashcards

Various conditions information Flashcards

1
Q

Refeeding syndrome lab findings

A

rapid declines in phosphorus, potassium, magnesium

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2
Q

what is Hirschsprung disease ?

A

infants - distal large intestine missing nerve cells; therefore internal anal sphincter unable to relax

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3
Q

clinical presentation of Hirschsprung disease

A

Bilious vomiting
Distended abdomen
Failure to pass meconium
Failure of internal anal sphincter relaxation

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4
Q

what puts a child at risk for Reye syndrome?

A

use of salicylates for fever control

recent viral illness (flu, chicken pox)

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5
Q

clinical presentation of Reye syndrome

A

fever, lethargy, acute encephalopathy (vomiting, severe altered level of consciousness) and altered hepatic function

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6
Q

what is PKU?

A

lack of enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine

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7
Q

what is the treatment for PKU?

A

low-phenylalanine diet (no dairy, eggs, meat)
need special formula as a baby
lifelong thing
low-phenylalanine foods (fruits and veg)

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8
Q

what is acromegaly?

A

overproduction in growth hormone

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9
Q

clinical presentation of acromegaly?

A

overgrowth of soft tissues of face, hands, feet, organs

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10
Q

what is normal PAWP and what is it a measure of?

A

6-12 mmHg and it measures preload

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11
Q

without knowing lab results, what is a clinical manifestation of hypokalemia?

A

muscle cramps

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12
Q

what is homynous hemianopsia?

A

a loss of half of the visual field on the same side

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13
Q

what is priapism?

A

sustained, painful erection

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14
Q

what is the main concern after tracheostomy placement?

A

dislodgement

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15
Q

what is sjogren’s syndrome

A

autoimmune against moisture-producing exocrine glands

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16
Q

s and s of hypomagnesemia

A

ventricular arrhythmias, neuromuscular excitability

17
Q

s and s of hypercalcemia

A

constipation and polyuria – calcium has diuretic effect

18
Q

s and s of hypernatremia

A

increased thirst and dry mucous membranes

19
Q

s and s of hypokalemia

A

weakness/paralysis or soft flabby muscles, paralytic ileus, cardiac arrhythmias

20
Q

partial pressures and pH that indicate acute respiratory failure

A

PaO2 <60, PaCO2 >50, pH <7.30

21
Q

what is the immediate intervention for acute respiratory failure?

A

high O2 or possible mechanical ventilation

22
Q

above what amount of output per hour from chest tube is reportable to the HCP?

A

> 100 ml/hr

23
Q

what symptom happens with skin when jaundiced?

A

itching

24
Q

where is gallbladder pain felt?

A

RUQ radiating to R shoulder

25
Q

what is the goal systolic pressure in permissive hypertension after a stroke?

A

> 170 mmHg

26
Q

if someone has permissive hypertension after stroke, what BP would necessitate treatment

A

> 220/110 mmHg

27
Q

what is the cause of malignant hyperthermia

A

predisposition is genetic

uncontrolled release of calcium in muscles - causing hypermetabolic activity = hyperthermia

28
Q

early signs of malignant hyperthermia?

A

hypercapnia
muscle rigidity
*temperature increase is a late sign

29
Q

signs of peritonitis

A 
guarding of abdomen
increased temp and chills
pallor
abdominal distention and pain
restlessness
tachycardia and tachypnea
30
Q

intussusception infants

A 
colicky abdominal pain - screaming  and drawing knees up
vomiting of gastric contents
bile-stained fecal emesis
currant jelly stools (blood and mucus)
abnormal bowel sounds
tender, distended abdomen
31
Q

what is the main clinical presentation difference between DKA and Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state

A

no kussmaul resps or abdominal pain

32
Q

what parameters constitute hypertensive emergency?

A

> 180 mmHg systolic and/or >120 diastolic

33
Q

what is trisomy 18?

A

aka Edwards syndrome
chromosome anomaly
severe cardiac defects and multiple musculoskeletal deformities
Life expectancy a few weeks after birth

34
Q

what is cushings triad associated with?

A

increasing ICP

35
Q

what is cushings triad

A

bradycardia, rising systolic blood pressure/widening pulse pressure, and irregular respirations

36
Q

what characterizes 1st degree heart block?

A

long PR intervals (>0.20 seconds)

37
Q

what characterizes 2nd degree type 1 heart block?

A

irregular P waves, dropped R waves, irregular R waves, long PR intervals
*cyclic progressive lengthening of PR interval until QRS drops

38
Q

what characterizes 2nd degree type 2 heart block?

A

dropped and therefore irregular R waves

39
Q

what characterizes 3rd degree or complete heart block?

A

P & R waves firing independently (out of sync)
both are regular
no real pattern to PR interval because of out of sync

NCLEX (8 decks)

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