random medication information Flashcards
what is topical capsaicin (Zostrix) ?
over-the-counter analgesic for minor pain
what herbal supplements increase risk of bleeding?
Gingko biloba Garlic Ginseng Ginger Feverfew
what drug is used to prevent seizures in pre-ecplampsia?
magnesium sulfate
what is a serious adverse effect of taking clozapine?
agranulocytosis
therefore reserved for those with treatment resistant schizophrenia
what is a definitive symptom of aspirin toxicity?
tinnitus
what is the antidote to benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil
what kind of drug is carbamazepine?
anti-epileptic, anti-seizure
what drug is used to treat extrapyramidal side effects?
benztropine (anticholinergic)
for what purpose do people take the supplement saw palmetto?
benign prostatic hyperplasia
major side effects of opioids
sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, and constipation
what kind of drug is Levetiracetam (Keppra)?
anti-convulsant (seizure disorders)
side effects of sulfa drugs
Crystalluria (kidney injury) ; Photosensitivity; Folic acid deficiency (megaloblastic anemia and stomatitis) ; Rarely life-threatening agranulocytosis (leukopenia); Stevens-Johnson syndrome – stop the medicine if rash develops
Phenytoin therapeutic index
40-79 mcmol/L
Digoxin therapeutic index
0.6-2.6 nmol/L
Lithium therapeutic index
0.6-1.2 mmol/L
clinical presentation of lithium toxicity
primarily GI - persistent N and V, diarrhea
Later - neuro symptoms - tremor, confusion, ataxia, sluggishness
aminolycosides adverse effects
nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity
most common drugs that cause prolonged QT interval/increased risk of torsades to pointe?
haloperidol, methadone, ziprasidone, and erythromycin
which hypertension medications are teratogenic?
ACE inhibitors & ARBs
what is Riluzole?
only ALS drug; slows progression
what is a black box warning for celecoxib?
increased risk for cardiovascular complications
what is dicyclomine?
anticholingeric/antispasmodic to manage hypermotility in IBS
earliest sign of magnesium toxicity?
absent or decreased deep tendon relfexes (DTRs)
what blood level is magnesium toxicity?
> 3.5 mmol/L
after earliest sign of magnesium toxicity, what are other signs?
respiratory depression, oliguria, cardiac arrest
what is the antidote for magnesium sulfate?
calcium gluconate
why should potassium tablets be taken with a full glass of water and sitting upright after?
erosive, can cause esophagitis
anticholinergic side effects
pupillary dilation, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation
based on anticholinergic side effects, what are conditions that are contraindicated to administration of anticholinergics?
closed-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, bowel ileus
what is the drug of choice to treat sinus bradycardia?
atropine (anticholingeric)
blocks parasympathetic vagal stimulation
what is the maximum hourly rate you can infuse potassium chloride peripherally and centrally?
10 mmol/hr peripherally
40 mmol/hr centrally
therapeutic index theophylline?
55-110 mcmol/L
first line treatment of torsades de pointes?
magnesium IV
significant adverse effect of oxytocin?
water intoxication
what class and what indications for amitriptyline?
trycyclic antidepressant, depression and neuropathic pain
what’s the generic name of Reactin and what type of drug?
cetirizine
which antihistamines are non-drowsy?
fenofexadine and loratidine
what is dabigatran?
thrombin inhibitor; used to prevent thrombotic events
what is the max concentration of potassium that should be given?
40 mmol
what is Amphotericin B
systemic antifungal
which drugs can increase risk for lithium toxicity?
thiazide diuretics, NSAIDs, and antidepressants
what drugs will trigger malignant hyperthermia?
general anesthetics and succinylcholine
what is the drug that will be used to treat malignant hyperthermia?
dantrolene
what do you have to watch for with non-selective MAO Inhbitors?
tyramine containing foods because these drugs inhibit its breakdown which can cause hypertensive crisis
tyramine containing foods
Aged cheese, yeast, red wine, sauerkraut, cured meat, soy sauce
what drugs are used in bipolar?
mood stabilizers (lithium) atypical antipsychotics (acute mania and long term mood stabilization) antidepressants during depressive episode
what is buspirone used for?
anxiety
which type of antidepressants are most common for anxiety?
SSRIs
what is serum sickness?
similar to allergic reaction but happens 7-21 days after antibiotic exposure
what;s the generic name of Claritin?
loratidine
whats the generic name of Allegra?
fenofexadine
what kind of drug is chlorpheniramine?
antihistamine
