random medication information Flashcards

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1
Q

what is topical capsaicin (Zostrix) ?

A

over-the-counter analgesic for minor pain

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2
Q

what herbal supplements increase risk of bleeding?

A
Gingko biloba 
Garlic 
Ginseng 
Ginger 
Feverfew
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3
Q

what drug is used to prevent seizures in pre-ecplampsia?

A

magnesium sulfate

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4
Q

what is a serious adverse effect of taking clozapine?

A

agranulocytosis

therefore reserved for those with treatment resistant schizophrenia

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5
Q

what is a definitive symptom of aspirin toxicity?

A

tinnitus

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6
Q

what is the antidote to benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil

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7
Q

what kind of drug is carbamazepine?

A

anti-epileptic, anti-seizure

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8
Q

what drug is used to treat extrapyramidal side effects?

A

benztropine (anticholinergic)

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9
Q

for what purpose do people take the supplement saw palmetto?

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

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10
Q

major side effects of opioids

A

sedation, respiratory depression, hypotension, and constipation

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11
Q

what kind of drug is Levetiracetam (Keppra)?

A

anti-convulsant (seizure disorders)

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12
Q

side effects of sulfa drugs

A

Crystalluria (kidney injury) ; Photosensitivity; Folic acid deficiency (megaloblastic anemia and stomatitis) ; Rarely life-threatening agranulocytosis (leukopenia); Stevens-Johnson syndrome – stop the medicine if rash develops

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13
Q

Phenytoin therapeutic index

A

40-79 mcmol/L

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14
Q

Digoxin therapeutic index

A

0.6-2.6 nmol/L

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15
Q

Lithium therapeutic index

A

0.6-1.2 mmol/L

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16
Q

clinical presentation of lithium toxicity

A

primarily GI - persistent N and V, diarrhea

Later - neuro symptoms - tremor, confusion, ataxia, sluggishness

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17
Q

aminolycosides adverse effects

A

nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity

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18
Q

most common drugs that cause prolonged QT interval/increased risk of torsades to pointe?

A

haloperidol, methadone, ziprasidone, and erythromycin

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19
Q

which hypertension medications are teratogenic?

A

ACE inhibitors & ARBs

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20
Q

what is Riluzole?

A

only ALS drug; slows progression

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21
Q

what is a black box warning for celecoxib?

A

increased risk for cardiovascular complications

22
Q

what is dicyclomine?

A

anticholingeric/antispasmodic to manage hypermotility in IBS

23
Q

earliest sign of magnesium toxicity?

A

absent or decreased deep tendon relfexes (DTRs)

24
Q

what blood level is magnesium toxicity?

A

> 3.5 mmol/L

25
Q

after earliest sign of magnesium toxicity, what are other signs?

A

respiratory depression, oliguria, cardiac arrest

26
Q

what is the antidote for magnesium sulfate?

A

calcium gluconate

27
Q

why should potassium tablets be taken with a full glass of water and sitting upright after?

A

erosive, can cause esophagitis

28
Q

anticholinergic side effects

A

pupillary dilation, dry mouth, urinary retention, constipation

29
Q

based on anticholinergic side effects, what are conditions that are contraindicated to administration of anticholinergics?

A

closed-angle glaucoma, urinary retention, bowel ileus

30
Q

what is the drug of choice to treat sinus bradycardia?

A

atropine (anticholingeric)

blocks parasympathetic vagal stimulation

31
Q

what is the maximum hourly rate you can infuse potassium chloride peripherally and centrally?

A

10 mmol/hr peripherally

40 mmol/hr centrally

32
Q

therapeutic index theophylline?

A

55-110 mcmol/L

33
Q

first line treatment of torsades de pointes?

A

magnesium IV

34
Q

significant adverse effect of oxytocin?

A

water intoxication

35
Q

what class and what indications for amitriptyline?

A

trycyclic antidepressant, depression and neuropathic pain

36
Q

what’s the generic name of Reactin and what type of drug?

A

cetirizine

37
Q

which antihistamines are non-drowsy?

A

fenofexadine and loratidine

38
Q

what is dabigatran?

A

thrombin inhibitor; used to prevent thrombotic events

39
Q

what is the max concentration of potassium that should be given?

A

40 mmol

40
Q

what is Amphotericin B

A

systemic antifungal

41
Q

which drugs can increase risk for lithium toxicity?

A

thiazide diuretics, NSAIDs, and antidepressants

42
Q

what drugs will trigger malignant hyperthermia?

A

general anesthetics and succinylcholine

43
Q

what is the drug that will be used to treat malignant hyperthermia?

A

dantrolene

44
Q

what do you have to watch for with non-selective MAO Inhbitors?

A

tyramine containing foods because these drugs inhibit its breakdown which can cause hypertensive crisis

45
Q

tyramine containing foods

A

Aged cheese, yeast, red wine, sauerkraut, cured meat, soy sauce

46
Q

what drugs are used in bipolar?

A
mood stabilizers (lithium) 
atypical antipsychotics (acute mania and long term mood stabilization)
antidepressants during depressive episode
47
Q

what is buspirone used for?

A

anxiety

48
Q

which type of antidepressants are most common for anxiety?

A

SSRIs

49
Q

what is serum sickness?

A

similar to allergic reaction but happens 7-21 days after antibiotic exposure

50
Q

what;s the generic name of Claritin?

A

loratidine

51
Q

whats the generic name of Allegra?

A

fenofexadine

52
Q

what kind of drug is chlorpheniramine?

A

antihistamine